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Design of Reactor
Design of Reactor
Design of Reactor
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5,d.bmk
PFR
(rA )V N A0
t CA 0
XA
0
dX A
dt
dX A
(rA )
We need a
comparative
study
CSTR
FA 0 XA (rA )V
A 0
V CA 0V CA 0 X A
v0
FA 0
rA
C A C A0
mixed
plug
1 X A
1 A X A
1 dN A
rA
kCAn
V dt
C A0V
C A0 X A
1 X A (1 A X A ) n
m
rA
kCAn 01 (1 X A ) n
FA0 m
CA 0V
X A dX
1
A
p
A 0 0
rA kCAn1
FA 0 p
0
XA
0
(1 A X A ) n dX A
(1 X A ) n
n 0 3
(1)
2)
n1
C
A 0 m
n1
C
A 0 p
V VC A0
v0
FA0
C n V
1 A X A
A0
X A
1 X A
m
FA 0 m
n
C n V X
A 1 A X A
A0
dX A
0
FA 0 p
1 X A
p
A 0
n 1
C
C
n1
A0 m
n1
A0 p
1 X A
m
C
C
n1
A0 m
n1
A0 p
1 X 1n 1
A
n 1
X
A
1 X A m
ln(1 X A ) p
m
p
1 X A
m
Vm
Vp 1 X A 1n 1
n 1
p Vp
Series of N mixed
N C0
N reactors N i
k CN
1
k
p ln
Plug flow
C0
C
1/ N
AR
X1, X2,...XN
FA 0
X Af
X Ai
dX A
rA
Vi
FA 0
for ith
reactor
dX A
X i 1 r
Xi
N reactors in series
N
V
Vi V1 V2 ...VN
F0 i1 F0
F0
X0
dX
r
X2
1
dX
r
...
XN
dX
X N 1
XN
X0
dX
r
k1
R
k2
S
rR
rS
dCR
k1C Aa1
dt
dCS
k 2C Aa2
dt
k1 , k2 , a1 , a2
CA
(desired product)
(unwanted product)
rR dCR k1 a1 a2
CA
rS dCS k 2
maximise!!!
k1
R
k2
S
rR
rS
dCR
k1C Aa1
dt
dCS
k 2C Aa2
dt
k1 , k2 , a1 , a2
CA
(desired product)
(unwanted product)
rR dCR k1 a1 a2
CA
rS dCS k 2
maximise!!!
CA
rS dCS k 2
CA low
CA high
Batch / PFR
CA low or high?
k2
(desired)
(unwanted)
rR dCR k1 a1 a2
CA
rS dCS k 2
a1 a2 0
CA should be high
a1 a2 0
CA should be low
a1 a2
rR dCR k 2
ct.
rS dCS k1
k2
(desired)
(unwanted)
rR dCR k1 a1 a2
CA
rS dCS k 2
2 ways:
k2
(desired)
rR
dCR
k1C Aa1
dt
(unwanted)
rS
dCS
k 2C Aa2
dt
A B
A B
k1
k2
R
S
(desired)
(unwanted)
dCR
rR
k1CA1 CB1
dt
dCS
rS
k 2C A 2 CB 2
dt
rR dCR k1 1 2 1 2
C A CB
rS dCS k 2
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
Maximise!!!
rR dCR k1 1 2 1 2
C A CB
rS dCS k 2
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
Slide 25
rR dCR k1 1 2 1 2
C A CB
rS dCS k 2
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
1 2 0
Slide 19
A B
A B
k1
R T
k2
S U
(desired)
(unwanted)
dCR dCT
k1C 1A.5CB0.3
dt
dt
dCS dCU
k 2C A0.5CB1.8
dt
dt
rS k2CA0.5C1.8
B
Maximise
rR k1
1.5
CA CB
rS k2
AR
CRf
CRf
all R formed
in reactor
all A reacted CA 0 CAf (CA )
Selectivity
moles
of
undesired
material
formed
1
p
CA 0 CAf
MFR
dC
CA 0 A C
A
C Af
C Af
CA 0
dCA
m evaluated at CAf
d p
m
dCA at C Af
1
CA
C Af
CA 0
m dCA
N mixed
Very useful!!!
CRf
CRf
1
CA
C Af
CA 0
dCA
m evaluated at CAf
N mixed
CA 0 CAN
Mixed flow is
best
Mixed up to CA1
follow by plug
flow
A B
k2
R
S
(desired)
(unwanted)
90% conversion of A
CRf=?
dCR
0.3
1.0C1.5
C
A
B
dt
dCS
1.0CA0.5C1.8
B
dt
A -B
- product distribution
k2
R
S
Example 2 Solution:
0.3
CA
R
dCR
1.0C1.5
A CB
1.5 0.3
0.5 1.8
A dCR dCS 1.0CA CB 1.0CA CB CA C1.5
B
a) Plug Flow
C Af C A0 (1 X A )
1
p
C A0 C Af
C Af
C A0
dC A
1 1 C A dC A
1 10 dC A
p
1.5
10
10 1 C A C A
9 1 1 C A0.5
C A CB
1
p
9
1
p
9
10
dCA
1 CA0.5
10
CA0.5 x CA x 2
dCA 2xdx
10 dx
2xdx 2 10
1 dx 1
0.32
1 x 9
1 x
m evaluated at CAf
exit
C A CB
CA
1
0.5
1. 5
0.5
C A CB
1 CA
C Rf (C A0 C Af ) 9(0.5)
CSf (1 )(C A0 C Af ) 9(1 0.5)
1
p
C A0 C Af
C Af
C A0
dC A
19 dC
1 1 C AdCA
1 1 C AdCA
1 19
A
p
dC
A
1
0.87
1.5
1.5
19
19
1
19 1 C A CB
18 C A (1)
18
C A 1
C Rf (C A0 C Af ) 9(0.87 )
CSf (1 )(C A0 C Af ) 9(1 0.87 )
Summary
Plug Flow:
R A 0.32
Mixed Flow:
R A 0.5
Plug A / Mixed B
R A 0.87