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Testring Installation and Commissioning of LT Meters
Testring Installation and Commissioning of LT Meters
Testring Installation and Commissioning of LT Meters
COMMISSIONING OF LT METERS
Er. K.V.Surya Prakasa Rao
Type test.
Routine test
Type Test
1. Insulation
Resistance Test
The insulation resistance with a 500 V megger, between meter current circuit, voltage
circuit, both coupled together and meter body shall have a value not less than 5
Mega ohms.
2. High Voltage Test
The insulation between current circuit and potential circuit and with respect to body
shall withstand application of 2000 volts (R.M.S.) for one minute.
3. Creeping Test
In creeping test with no current in the current coil and with rated frequency, the rotor
of the meter shall not make a complete revolution at any voltage between 80 percent
of the lowest and 110 percent of the highest rated voltage.
Current
(A) Meter with dial and pointer type to register
0.5 percent
(B) Meter with cyclometer type to register
0.75 percent
(C) Meter with M.D. Mechanism and
1.0
Cyclometer type to register
PF
1.0
1.0
Errors
2.5 percent to
-3.0%
2.0 percent
2.0 percent
PF
100
1.0
1.0
100
0.5 lag
1.5
200
1.0
2.0
12. Temperature Coefficient Test
The meter shall not have a temperature co-efficient greater than 0.1 percent per degree
centigrade at the Rated voltage and at the following points calibrated at 272C and
valid between limits of 0 to 40C ambient temperature.
Percent Basic Current
PF
100
1.0
10
1.0
100
0.5 lag
13. Effect of Oblique Suspension Test
A change in 3 degree in level, in any direction shall not change the error of the meter
by more than 1 percent at the basic current IJ.P.F or by more than 3 percent at 5 percent
basic current and U.P.F.
The change in the percent error of the meter caused by an external field of 0.5 MT (5
gauss)
produced by a current of the same frequency as that of the voltage applied to the meter shall not
exceed 3 percent at basic current rated voltage and U.P.F
15. Range of Adjustment Test
Facilities for adjustment for the purpose of calibration shall be capable of further
movement or adjustment.
(a) Brake magnet adjustment should provide at least 4 percent increase and 6 percent decrease in
speed at rated current, voltage and U.P.F.
(b) Low load adjustment should provide at least plus and minus 3 percent change in speed at 5
percent rated current voltage and U.P.F.
(c) Inductive load adjustment should provide on each energy element plus and minus 1 percent
change hi speed when me meter current circuit of the element along is carrying rated current at
0.5 p. F. Lag.
(d) Torque balance adjustment should be provided so that speed of elements may be controlled
separately and the meter so adjusted that each element contributes its true position of the total
registration when the system load is unbalanced, the device for making adjustments shall be such
that adjustment may be effected gradually and the sense of adjustment being suitably indicated
and device shall be capable of being . locked in position after adjustment.
16. Independence of Adjustment Test
(a) In low load adjustment 2 percent adjustment shall not effect the speed at 0,5 p.F at 50% rated
current by more than 8%
(b) In inductive load adjustment - 1 % adjustment on energy element shall not effect the error by more
than 0.5% at 5% of rated current
II. Routine
Test
The routine-tests are carried out as a routine by the manufacturers and in the
laboratory of the Board. The routine tests carried out in the board's laboratory
are:
Ratio 1:2
Meter Reading
I. Registering or counting mechanism is to record continuously a number. This
recording is proportional to the revolutions made by the moving system. The
rotor shaft drives a series of five or six pointers. These rotate on round-dial
which are marked with ten equal divisions. There are two types of registration
system:
(a) Pointer type ;,
(b) Cyclometer type. Reading could be made from both the types of
meters.
II. C.T. Type Meters
In case of C.T, operated meters the multiplying factor should be calculated. It
depends upon ratio, meter rating and dial factor. An example is given below
(a) (i) Meter rating 100/5A 400V
(ii) C.T.ratio200/5A400V
(iii) Dialfactor48
Overall M.F = [(C.T Ratio) / meter C.T rating] x Dial factor
= [(200 / 5 x 400 ) / 100 / 5 x 400 ] x 48 = 96
The performance of the meter should be checked on load after installation
and commissioning. It should be ensured for correct recording applying
multiplying power-factor, which Could be noted on paper. This could be
pasted in the meter box and one copy be kept in file/ledger. Many disputes
have arisen due to this omission. If there is delay by the consumer in
connecting the load, the commissioning of meter could be deferred till-the
consumer starts drawing power.
Regulating screws are provided on each voltage core for torque balance which
controls the proportion of useful voltage coil flux cutting the rotor.
In case of two element energy meter (3 ph.3 wire type) torque developed by each
element is equal only at unit p.f. at. other p.f. conditions torque produced by the two
elements are not equal and are of trying proportion. The torque produced by R
element being more at lagging p.f. and that by 'R' element at leading p.f. conditions.
In addition to normal compensating device attached to each element an adjustable
magnetic
shunt is provided on one or both elements to balance the torques of
the two. The necessary adjustment is made with the coils energized from a single
phase supply. The pressure coils
are connected in parallel and the current coil
series in such a manner that the torque
produced by the two elements
opposes each other. The magnetic shunt is adjusted to a
position,
where
the two torques are exactly equal and opposite so that the meter does not
Rotate
With three-phase supply set on the test bench kit p.f. is kept unity with the help of
phase
shifter and the connection of one of the current coils of Rand B
phase element is
reversed, necessary adjustment is made until the meter
fails to rotate.
In case of three-phase four wire meters contribution of each element is equal to the total
torque developed by the meter. Therefore during torque balance adjustment, one
element is disconnected and connections of 2nd element reversed. The meter should
not rotate under these conditions because torque developed by one element is
balanced by the other. This is true at all p.f. conditions.
Out of new meters received from area Stores, defective ones are
replaced free of cc by supplier and for carrying out repairs of old
meters collected from field by area store repairing is being carried
out at meter, repairing section by canalisation or by providing spa
parts required. After due repairs meters are sent to L T meter testing
for calibration, it is very necessary when electromagnet gaps have
been distributed or when any component is replaced
Let the resistive load be a bulb of 40 Wand the time constant of the
energy meter 120 Rev /kWh. Assuming normal supply voltage, the
consumption in one hour is 40 watt hour. The meter disc could
therefore rotate
@ 1200 x 40 71000 = 48 Rev./hour. Say for 1 Rev.
the disc would take (60x60)/48=75 seconds, , ,
If the time taken is more, it means the meter is running slow and
vice-versa. In -fact, the percent error can also be calculated from the
time it actually takes. In this particular case, if the time taken is 78
sec, the meter is slow by
Installation of Meters
For L.T. Consumers, where the demand of load is 50 amperes or more, it is
normal practice to use energy meters with current-transformers. When the
demand is more than 100/150 HP, L.T. supply is not given but the
consumer has to avail H.T. supply. H.T. supply should be given at 33 kV
and higher voltage by extending line from the sub-station so that
independent feeder is available to the industrial consumer. The feeder may
not be governed by the rural discipline. Hence interruptions would be rare.
Extension of supply at 11 kV should be avoided.
Most of the H.T. Consumers prefer two part tariff. They are required to be
billed for maximum demand also and units consumed. Hence poly phase
meters are provided with maximum demand indicator to record the demand
in kVA / kV, over a fixed period (half an hour) each time, when moves with
the help of a time switch. The pointer for maximum demand is left behind
recording the consumption and is reset every month after taking the
reading.
Proper Selection of Meters .
For accurate metering it is necessary that meter normally operates at
the higher ranges where its accuracy is better. To achieve this CT ratio
is properly selected. It is recommended that the CTs used are of single
ratio, as far as possible, and the ratio selected are in accordance with
the following table to have better working torque for the meter
S. No
(A)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(B)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
CT Ratio
Suitability for max. loading in kV A
(With 20% overloading of L T)
For supply at 11 ::
5/5 Amps
UptolI5kVA
7.5/5 Amps
115 to 150 kV A
10/5 Amps
150 to 225 kVA
15/5 Amps
225 to 340 kV A
20/5 Amps
340 to 450 kV A
25/5 Amps
450 to 570 kV A
For supply at 33 kV
2.5/5 Amps
5/5 Amps
10/5 Amps
20/5 Amps
30/5 Amps
50/5 Amps
75/5 Amps
100/5 Amps
150/5 Amps
250/5 Amps
Up to 225kVA
225 to 345kVA
345 to 675 kV A
675 to l350 kVA
350 to 2100 kVA
2100 to 3450 kVA
3450 to 5200 kV A
5200 to 6900 kV A
6900 to 11300 kVA
11300 to 14000 kVA
Testing of Meters
Before installation of meters with CTs and P.T.s, testing
has to be carried out. The metering equipment has to be
tested for
1 . Correct polarity of C.T.S.
2. Continuity test of primary and secondary windings.
3. Ratio test by primary injection kit.
4. Insulation resistance.
5. Terminal markings as per name plate details.
After the above checks, special checks to be applied for,
are as follows :
I. Multiplying Factor
Since C.T. and P .T. ratios have a direct relation with the
consumption to be recorded by a meter, proper working-out of the
multiplying factor has to be carried out, unless the dial of a meter is
originally calibrated for the C.T.s and P.T.s to be used therewith.
The multiplying factor is given by (C x P) / C1xP1) where C and P
are ratios of the C.T.s and P.T.s actually used, while CI and PI are
ratios of C.T.s and P.T.s for which the meter is calibrated. Then to
the energy consumption = ( W1 x C x P) / C1xP1
where W1 is energy consumption as recorded by the meter.
Suppose
W1 = 1000 units
C
= 200/5 amps
P
= 33000/110 volts
C1
= 10015 amps
P1
= 11000/110 volts
Then Wl = ( 1000 x 33000 / 110 x 200 / 5 ) /11000 / l10 x 100 / 5
The actual consumption = 6000 units.
Similarly for MD., the multiplying factor would have to be applied.