INTERPERSONAL SKILLS

THE ABILITY TO RELATE TO COLLEAGUES AND

CUSTOMERS, INSPIRE OTHERS, RESOLVE
CONFLICTS, BE TACTFUL, UNDERSTAND CULTURES,
AND SHOW DIPLOMACY.

Interpersonal Relationships are

social associations, connections or
affiliations between two or more
people.

They imply the discovery or

establishment of common ground
and may be centered on something
shared in common.

Interpersonal Skills/
Facilitation Skills
language &
communication
using
feedback

listening

questioning

conflict handling

 Self awareness
Control
Motivation
Acknowledging the interests of

subordinates
Communication skills

Poor Listening
Emotional Arousal
Lack of Time
Differences in objective

Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional Analysis
A unified system of individual and
social psychiatry
Focuses on the individual but also
ones relationship to others
A model for explaining why and how:
People think like they do
People act like they do
People interact/communicate with
others

Study of inter and intra individual transactions where there is a

stimulus and response.
Transactional analysis is a method of analyzing human behavior in
social transactions.

It is a study of human relations through the study of stimuli and

response.
It is an extension of Freudian theory
Id
Ego
Super Ego
TA was developed by Eric Berne and popularized by Harries.
Marial James, Dorthy Jongeward and Wagner.

Psycho-Analytical or Psycho-Dynamic Theory

Sigmund Freuds STRUCTURAL MODEL OF MENTAL LIFE
ID

Psychic energy
Inherited, Presented at birth, Present in life.
Store of wishes and unconscious.
Strives for immediate pleasure and avoid pain.
Insistent and rash.
Does not tolerate un-comforts-tension.
Immoral, animal drives, Unorganized.
EGO

SUPER EGO

The Gateway of Action

Separates reality from unreality,

Logical, realistic, practical and rational.
Consciously distinguish between the demands of ID & Realities.
Regulate and integrate inner motives and source of Tension release.

Sensor agent of Value, belief and standards of the society.

Ideals & noble thoughts.
Acquired from parents, teachers, friends, religion, etc.,
Describes the right and wrong.
Mediates, filters action.

EGO

A Psychological State of an Individual, which Guide

the Way of Feeling, Thinking and Behavior
EGO Status
PARENT
(Taught Ego)

Controlling
Protective
Critical
Nurturing
Instructive

Help
--------------Control

Rational
Factual
Unemotional
Independent
Problem solver

ADULT
(Acquired by Maturity)

Free
CHILD
(Felt Ego)

LP
Adp

Dependent
Curious
Rebel
Frustrated

Spontaneous
Creative
Clumsy
Pleasure seeking

Types of Transactions
OPEN

CROSS

COMPLIMENTARY

PPC
AAC
CC

P= Parent
A=Adult
C=Child

BLOCKED
PA
C-P

ULTERIOR - - Transactions influenced by other than ego status (Hidden Meanings)

GALLOWS TRANSACTIONS - - In appropriate smile or love
GAMES Repeat, Find it ulterior, Sense at superficial level
INEFFECTIVE STYLES OF GAMES Perfectionist, Driver, Power game,
and Pleasure game

Types of Transactions
Complementary Transactions: Appropriate and

Expected Transactions indicating healthy human

relationships.
Communication takes place when transactions are
complementary. A stimulus invites a response; this
response becomes a stimulus inviting further
response and so on.

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Transactional Analysis Types (I)

Complementary transaction

Supervisor

Employee
P
A
C

P
A
C

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Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

Transactional Analysis occurs when the ego states
of 2 people interacting is assessed

Complimentary interaction:
one person in a nurturing parent ego state
other person in their adaptive child ego
state

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Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

For a leader-follower, the following complementary

transactions could occur:

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Types of Transactions
Crossed Transaction: This causes most difficulties in

social situations.
May be, you should improve your study habits.
You always find fault with me whatever I do ParentChild interaction.

15

Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis

For a leader-follower, there are a number of possible
crossed transactions:

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Transactional Analysis Types (III)

Ulterior transaction

Supervisor

Employee

Supervisor

Employee

P
A
C

P
A
C

P
A
C

P
A
C

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LIFE POSITIONS
Assumption about self and others in the Societies
I am OK
I am not OK
I am not OK
I am OK

You are not OK

You are OK
You are not OK
You are OK

I am OK
You are not OK

I am OK
You are OK

NEGATIVE

I am not OK
You are not OK

I am not OK
You are OK

NEGATIVE

POSITIVE

Attitude Towards Self

POSITIVE

Positive
Negative
Neutral

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A stroke is a unit of recognition may be positive or negative of a condition or

both, strokes are required for healthy behavior.
Strokes may be physical, verbal or eye-to-eye contact.
Child hood learning influences the behavior
If a child lives with criticism, he/she learns to fight.
If a child lives with hostility, he/she learns to condemn.
If a child lives with ridicule, he/she learns to be shy.
If a child lives with shame, he/she learns to feel guilty.
If a child lives with tolerance, he/she learns to be patient.
If a child lives with encouragement, he/she learns confidence.
If a child lives with praise, he/she learns to appreciate.
If a child lives with fairness, he/she learns justice.
If a child lives with security, he/she learns to have faith.
If a child lives with approval, he/she learns to like himself.
If a child lives with acceptance and friendship, he/she learns to find love in
the world.

JOHARI WINDOW
Feed Back
Discussion

Known to Self
Known to
others

Unknown to
others

Unknown to Self

Open Area

Blind Area

Hidden Area

Unknown Area

Compete-When?

Quick and decisive action is vital

Unpopular actions need to be
implement
You know are right
Against people who take advantages
of non competitive behavior

Collaborate If
An integrative solution is required
Your objective is to learn
You gain Commitment by transforming
concern in to consensus
You work through feelings that have
interfered with relations

Compromise-When---

Avoiding, if
If is a trivial issue
You perceive
chance of winning
Others can solve
it better than you
You want people
and situation to
cool down

Goals are worthier than

efforts of assertive mode or disruption
When opponents of equal power are Accommodate, ifcommitted to mutually exclusive goals
Temporary settlements are required You find, that you are
Collaboration or Competition are not Wrong
You wish the co-operation
useful.
of others
You want social credits for
later issues
You expect others to learn
From their mistakes