KELOMPOK 1 :

Andari Yuta Palwa

Intan Meidita Wulandari
Lian Elvani
Hafifah Marza
Nyayu Halimah Tussakdiah
Optimisma Situngkir
Siti Rahma Yanti

SIKLUS CARNOT DAN MESIN KALOR

The Second Law

Thermodynamic

Definition

Definition

Work

Heat Engine

Cycles

P-V diagram

Application

Carnot Cycle
Hot Reservoir
T1
Q1
W

C
Q2

Cold Reservoir
T2

Carnot Cycle
Pressure
a

nRT1
P=
V

Q1
b

T1

Q=0
Q=0

nRT2
P=
V

P=

Q2

const.

c T2
Volume

Carnot Cycle
Pressure
a

nRT1
P=
V

Q1
b

Q=0

nRT2
P=
V

T1
Q=0

P=

Q2

const.

c T2
Volume

Carnot Cycle
Dari a ke b: isothermal, sehingga DU = 0 and Q = - W
maka, Q1 = +nRT1ln(Vb/Va)

Dari b ke c: adiabatic, Q = 0, sehingga TV-1 is constant.

maka, T1Vb-1 = T2Vc-1 atau

T1 Vc

T2 Vb

Similarly, from c to d: isothermal, so that DU = 0 and Q = - W

Thus, Q2 = +nRT2ln(Vd/Vc) = -nRT2ln(Vc/Vd) (-ve)

Similarly, d to a: adiabatic, Q = 0, so that TV-1 is constant.

Thus, T2Vd-1 = T1Va-1 or

T1 Vd

T2 Va

Carnot Cycle
We see that:
Which means that

Now also:

But as the volume

ratios are equal:

T1 Vc

T2 Vb

V
d
Va

Vc Vb

Vd Va
Q1 nRT1 ln(Vb / Va ) T1 ln(Vb / Va )

Q2 nRT2 ln(Vc / Vd ) T2 ln(Vc / Vd )

Q1 T1

Q2 T2

This is an important result. Temperature can be defined (on the

absolute (Kelvin) scale) in terms of the heat flows in a Carnot
Cycle.

Whats Special about a Carnot Cycle?

(1) Heat is transferred to/from only two reservoirs at fixed temperatures, T1 and T2 not at a variety of temperatures.
(2) Heat transfer is the most efficient possible because the temperature of the
working substance equals the temperature of the reservoirs. No heat is wasted in
flowing from hot to cold.
(3) The cycle uses an adiabatic process to raise and lower the temperature of the
working substance. No heat is wasted in heating up the working substance.
(4) Carnot cycles are reversible. Not all cycles are!

Whats Special about a Carnot Cycle?

(5) The Carnot theorem states that the Carnot cycle (or any reversible cycle) is the
most efficient cycle possible. The Carnot cycle defines an upper limit to the
efficiency of a cycle.
Recall that for any cycle, the efficiency of a heat engine is given as:

W
Q2
hE = = 1
Q1
Q1
For an engine using a Carnot cycle, the efficiency is also equal to:

T2
hC = 1
T1
Where T1 and T2 are the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs,
respectively, in degrees Kelvin.
As T2 > 0, hc is always <1.