Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fourth Trimester of Development: M Tshabalala
Fourth Trimester of Development: M Tshabalala
DEVELOPMENT
M Tshabalala
FOUTH TRIMESTER
(9 - 12 MONTHS)
CHARACTERIZED BY:
Developing good intrinsic muscle control of the hand
Two hand coordination for skilled manipulations
Developing perception and related skills to problem solve
Independent feeding (messy)
Developing kn stand transition & climbing skills
Protective extension backwards present & mature
Independent ambulation
TENTH MONTH
(40 WEEKS)
SITTING:
Increased UL fine skills, uses more LL primitive
positioning (eg tailor sitting)
UL mirroring during fine motor skills & uses pincer grasp
and tripod grasp
Child can wring his clothes or open container - unilateral
hand use developing
Transition to quadruped
TENTH MONTH
(40 WEEKS...)
TENTH MONTH
(40 WEEKS...)
STANDING:
Rises through kneeling and half kneeling
Has developing good spatial perception that improve his
problem solving ability
Has co-contraction and develop good interplay flexors &
extensors to lower himself to sitting (hip & knee control)
Still using a wide BOS to stand independently OR with
minimal support
Rises to toes to strengthen triceps surae & tibialis posterior
TENTH MONTH
(40 WEEKS...)
AMBULATION:
Begin to cruise with lateral movements (may hold on wall)
Two-hands supported:
- pelvic rotation (pivot hips on stable shoulders)
- has shoulder and hip dissociation
- pelvis rotation initiate reciprocal stepping
- decreased LL abduction & external rotation
Walk with one arm-support using a wide BOS
TENTH MONTH
(40 WEEKS...)
SITTING:
Has a various sitting positionings – long sitting; side sitting
Improved trunk control with transition btw different sitting
posittions
Squatting activity developing
STANDING:
Utilizes kn > ½ kn > squat > symmetrical LL extension &
trunk elevation to achieve standing.
May stand without support briefly with wide BOS & high
guard position of UL, UL used very little
Increased hip OR LL control
Stands, picks one foot breifly
ELEVENTH MONTH
(44 WEEKS…)
AMBULATION:
Begins to take a few steps alone with lateral trunk flexion
Uses more RR than Balance rxns
Cruising to furniture out of reach
Has skills to climb onto furniture & climb off backwards
COMMUNICATION:
Uses fairly meaningful one and two word sentences eg. ‘milk
all gone’
Also uses words and gestures
ELEVENTH MONTH
(44 WEEKS…)
SOCIALLY:
This is a transition period, uses motor ability to widen his
intellectual horizon.
Shakes his head to say ‘no’ sometimes for the sheer
pleasure, It is more difficult to say ‘yes’ by words or
gesture.
Imitation is most important at this age, watches people eat
& wipe their hands and wants to do like wise.
Plays with balls of various sizes
ELEVENTH MONTH
(44 WEEKS…)
TWELVE MONTHS
(48 WEEKS)
TO STAND:
Rise with legs either through ½ kn or squat, No longer
need UL
STANDING:
Able to wt shift and lift one leg
Stands independently with decreased high guard & BOS
TWELVE MONTHS
(48 WEEKS…)
AMBULATION
Independent walking with wide BOS (evident abd & ext
rotation) with decreased movts of center of gravity laterally
Pelvic tilt changes as the child feels more secure & pelvic
control develops
More arm motion seen as control increases, shoulders may still
be fixed for more stability
Weight on the medial border of the foot
As BOS decreases, feet come to more neutral rotation with hips,
& there is more dissociation btw hip, kn and ankle
Increasing energy efficiency
TWELVE MONTHS
(48 WEEKS…)
Standing to walking
indepedently
TWELVE MONTHS
(48 WEEKS…)
COMMUNICATION:
General meaningful language
Understands phrases from parents like: ‘Come and give me
a kiss’ & “Go and look for your shoes”
SOCIALLY:
Practice releasing objects with precision
Has more meaningful interaction with the environment
Developing a perculiar temperament