SILVER OAK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY
Class - Mechanical-D3
Er. No. - 130770119249
Sub - Maths-3
Subject - Shifting theorem

SHIFTING THEOREMS AND HEAVISIDE

FUNCTION

*The First Shifting Theorem

Theorem :

L[e at f (t )]( s ) F ( s a )

Proof: L[e f (t )]( s ) e at e st f ( s )ds

at

e
0

( s a )t

f (t )dt e

F ( s) F ( s a )
Example 1: Given
L[cos bt ]
sa
L[e cos bt ]
[( s a)2 b 2 ]

st

f (t )dt

s
s 2 b2

at

 Example 2 :

4
4

1
L 2
L

4
s

20
(
s

2)

16

a
4 x
L[sin at ] 2
, L[sin 4t ] 2
2
s a
s 16
4
2 t
L[e sin 4t ]
2
( s 2) 16

4
2 t
L

e
sin 4t

2
( s 2) 16
1

* Heaviside Function and Pulses

f has a jump discontinuity at a, if
lim f (t ) and lim f (t ) exist
t a

t a

and are finite but unequal

Definition : Heaviside function
0
H (t )
1

t0
t0

Shifting a 0
0 t a
H (t a )
1 t a
5

 0 ta
H (t a ) g (t )
g (t ) t a

Laplace transform of heaviside function

L[ H (t )]( s )

st

L[ H (t a )]( s )

st

H (t ) dt

1 st
dt
e
s

e st H (t a )dt

1 st
st
e dt
e
s

e as

s
6

* The Second Shifting Theorem

Theorem :
L H (t a) f (t a) (s) e as F (s)
Proof: L H (t a ) f (t a ) ( s ) e st H (t a) f (t a)dt

st

f (t a)dt e s ( a w) f ( w)dw
0

Let w t a t w a dt dw

as

e sw f ( w)dw e as F (s)

0
g (t ) 2
t 1

Example 3 :
Rewrite

0t 2
t2

g (t ) H (t 2)(t 2 1)

t 2 1 (t 2 2)2 1 (t 2)2 4(t 2) 5

g (t ) H (t 2)(t 2)2 4 H (t 2)(t 2) 5H (t 2)
L[ g ] L[ H (t 2)(t 2)2 ] 4 L[ H (t 2)(t 2)] 5L[ H (t 2)]

2 s

L[t ] 4e

2 s

2
4 5
[ 3 2 ]
s
s
s

2 s

L[t ] 5e

2 s

L[1]

 The inverse version of the second shifting theorem

L1[e as F ( s )](t ) H (t a) f (t a )
Example 4 :
where

y 4 y f (t ), y(0) y(0) 0

0 t 3
f (t )
t t 3

rewritten as f (t ) H (t 3)t

L[ y 4 y] L[ f (t )] L[ H (t 3)t ]

L[ H (t 3)t ] L[ H (t 3)(t 3 3)] L[ H (t 3)(t 3)] 3L[ H (t 3)]

e3s L[t ] 3e3s L[1]

1 3s 3 3s
e e
s2
s

----- (A)

L[ y 4 y ] L[ y] 4 L[ y ] s 2Y ( s) sy (0) y(0) 4Y ( s)
s 2Y ( s) 4Y ( s) ( s 2 4)Y ( s)

1 3s 3 3s
( A) ( B) ( s 4)Y ( s) 2 e e
s
s

----- (B)

Y (s) (

1
s 2 ( s 2 4)

3
3s 1 3s
3 s
)
e

e
s ( s 2 4)
s 2 ( s 2 4)

3s 1
31 3 s
1 1 1 1

s 2 ( s 2 4) 4 s 4 s 2 4 4 s 2 4 s 2 4

3s 1 3 s
y (t ) L1[Y ( s)] L1 2 2
e
s ( s 4)

1 1 3 s 1 1
3 1 3 s 3 s
3 s
3 s
L1
e
e

4 s2 4
4 s2
4 s2 4
4 s

3
3
H (t 3) 1 H (t 3)cos 2(t 3)
4
4
1
1
1
+ H (t 3)(t 3) H (t 3) sin 2(t 3)
4
4
2

10

0
t 3

3 3
1
1

cos
2(
t

3)

(
t

3)

sin 2(t 3) t 3
4 4
4
8
0
t 3

1
[2t 6cos 2(t 3) sin 2(t 3)] t 3

11