Fungal Characteristics

1)Cell wall made of Chitin

2)Heterotrophs and major Decomposers
3)Body is made of Long filaments of hyphae
which form a mycelium
4)Reproduce sexually and asexually
Asexually by spores
Sexually by mating of hyphae filaments

An example of Fungi You know

Mushrooms Club Like Fungi or Basidiomycete Fungi

Bracket Fungi Basidiomycete Fungi

Bread Mold a
Zygomycete Fungi

Cup Fungi Ascomycete Fungi

Note the cup shapes and

orange peel colour

Kingdom Fungi you must know 5 Major Phyla

1. Phylum Zygomycota = the Bread Molds
Rhizopus black bread mold

2. Oomycota = the Water Molds

Water mold, potato blight, mildew

3. Phylum Ascomycota = the Sac Fungi

Yeast, morels, truffles

4. Phylum Basidiomycota = the Club Fungi

Mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, smuts,
toadstools
5. Phylum Deuteromycota = the Fungi Imperfecti

Zygomycota (Rhizopus) the

Common Molds
-are primarily decomposers

-asexual spores may be produced in sporangia

-sexual reproduction occurs between + and strains forming
a 2n zygote; a zygospore develops and may lie dormant for a
long period of time; meiosis occurs just before germination
-only the zygote is diploid; all hyphae and asexual
spores are haploid

Zygomycota common molds

The fungal mass of

hyphae, known as the
MYCELIUM
penetrates the bread
and produces the
fruiting bodies on top
of the stalks
Mycelia = a mass of hyphae or
filaments

Rhizoids = root-like hyphae

The zhizoids meet underground and mating occurs between
hyphae of different molds (SEXUAL REPRODUCTION)

Zygomycota (Rhizopus)

Lifecycle of a Zygomycete Fungi Asexual then Sexual

Ascomycota Cup Fungi Life Cycle

Yeast is an Ascomycete Fungus

Truffles are round, warty, fungi that

are irregular in shape. They vary
from the size of a walnut to that of a
man's fist. Since the times of the
Greeks and Romans these fungi
have been used in Europe as
delicacies, as aphrodisiacs, and as
medicines. They are among the
most expensive of the world's
natural foods, often commanding as
much as $250 to $450 per pound.
Truffles are harvested in Europe with the aid of female pigs or truffle
dogs, which are able to detect the strong smell of mature truffles
underneath the surface of the ground. The female pig becomes excited
when she sniffs a chemical that is similar to the male swine sex
attractant. The use of dogs to find truffles is also and option.

Morels are Ascomycete Fungi

Basidiomycete or Club Fungi

Life Cycle of Basidiomycete Fungi

Bracket Fungi

Puff Balls

Basidiomycete Fungi that all

produce Basiospores

Jelly Fungi

Mushrooms

Other Basidiomycetes Rusts and

Smuts
Rust
infecting
wheat leaves

Rust infecting
a Leaf

Whitrot Smut
digesting old wood

Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)

-Regarded as imperfect because they exhibit no sexual stage has
been observed in their life cycle
-Members are not closely related and are not necessarily similar
in structure or appearance; do not share a common ancestry,
polyphyletic = coming from many ancestors hmm weird

Deuteromycota the Fungi

Imperfecti
Resemble Ascomycetes,
but their reproductive
cycle has never been
observed
Different from
Ascomycetes because
there is a definite lack of
sexual reproduction,
which is why they are
called Imperfect Fungi

Penicillium fungi

Up Close

Water Molds -- Oomycota

The water molds are better known as the
MILDEWS. Fish tank fuzz is an example.
Protist-like mold because share common
characteristics with plant-like protists, such
as the cell wall

LifeCycle of Oomycota

Things to Know about Oomycete

Fungi
1.
2.
3.
4.

Water molds or mildews

Cause diseases such as potato blight
Cell walls made of cellulose (like plant)
Hyphae have multiple nuclei! Because
the cell walls do not fully close off.
5. Spore swims away like a flagellate, which
is why it is protist like (think of Euglena)

Irish Potato Famine of 19th Century

Devastated potato crops, causing

devastating starvation in Ireland

Phylum
Oomycota

Exs

Characterist
ics

Asexual

Sexual

Mildew
Spud
blight

Cellulose cell Flagellated

walls, 2N
oospores
hyphae
from
sporangia

Gametes fuse
in
gametangia
creating
oospores

Zygomycota

Rhizopus
a dung
fungus

Chitin cell
walls
Coenocytic =
hyphae lack
crosswalls

Gametangia
fuse to create
zygospore

Ascomycota

Yeast,
morels,
truffles

Unflagel.
spores drop
from
sporangia

Conidia on
Hyphae + & conidophores fuse to create
ascospores in
ascus

Basidiomycota

Mushroo
ms
Puffballs,
rusts,
smuts

Fungi
Imperfecti

Penicilliu Similar
m,
To
Athletes Basidio
Foot
and
fungus, Zygomy
Tomato
Blight

Deuteromycota

Cross Asexual by way

walls in of Conidophores
hyphae which produce
conidiospores
Asexual by
conidia which
produce
conidophores

Sexual when
hyphae fuse
in BASIDIA
to produce
basidiospores
Sexual repro
Not known

Cross Walls of Hyphae

Coenocytic hyphae where the
nucleis of each cell is
embedded in the cytoplasm
without a cell wall
Eg. Zygomycota, Oomycota
c
o
e
n
o
c
y
t
i
c

h
a
v

Hyphae with cross walls

Eg. Basidiomycota,
Ascomycota

Lichens
Lichens are mutualistic symbiotic
organisms. They have an
____________ fungus and a
_________ or cyanobacterial
portion. There are three lichen
growth forms which are predominant
in nature: _____________________
_____________________________

Fruticose

Crustose

Foliose

Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae means fungus-root;
mutualistic relationship between
plant and fungi
The plant photosynthesizes while
the fungus more efficiently takes
up nutrients and water from the
rhizosphere than the roots would
alone.
Plant benefits include:
Improved nutrient/water
uptake
Improved root growth
Improved plant growth and
yield
Improved disease resistance
Reduced transplant shock
Reduced drought stress

Soredia are the asexual reproductive part of lichens,

containing both symbionts. Rhizines may be present to
anchor the lichen. Notice the distinctive algal layer
and the fungal layer present in the above illustration.

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