is

a single value that is used to

described the spread of the scores in
a distribution.
Variation is also known as variability
or dispersion.

Range
Inter-quartile Range and quartile
Deviation
Mean Deviation
Variance and Standard Deviation

Range for Ungrouped Data

Formula:
R=HS-LS

where,
R = range value
HS = highest score
LS = lowest score

Example:
Find the range of the two groups of score
distribution.
Section A
10
12
15
17
25
26
28
30
35

Section B
15
16
16
17
17
23
25
26
30

Formula:

R = HS - LSL
Where,
R = range value
HSUB = Upper boundary of the
highest score
LSLB = Lower boundary of the
lowest score

X
25-32
33-40
41-48
49-56
57-64
65-72
73-80
81-88
89-97

f
3
7
5
4
12
6
8
3
2
n=50

Inter-quartile Range (IQR)

And
Quartile Deviation (QD)
Inter-quartile Range
Is the difference between the third quartile
and the first quartile.

Quartile Deviation

indicates the distance we need to go

above and below the median to include
the middle 50% of the scores.
Formula:
Q3-Q1
QD=
2

Example:
Using the given data 6,8,10,12,12,14,15,16,20, find
the quartile deviation.
Solve
Solve
Solve
Solve

for
for
for
for

Q1
Q3
IQR
QD

n=9

# of cases

X (Score)
6
8
10
12
12
14
15
16
20

Quartile Deviation for

Grouped Data
Example:

The data given below are the scores

of fifty (50) students in Filipino class.
Solve for the value of quartile deviation
(QD).

Quartile Deviation of
Grouped Data
X

Cf<

25-32
33-40
41-48
49-56
57-64
65-72
73-80
81-88
89-97

3
7
5
4
12
6
8
3
2
n=50

3
10
15
19
31
37
45
48
50

Mean Deviation (MD)

Measures the average deviation of the values from
the mean.

It gives equal weight to the deviation of every score

in the distribution.
Formula:
MD=

/x-X/

Where,
MD
X
X
n

=mean deviation value

=individual score
=sample mean
=number of cases

Example:
Find the mean deviation of the scores of 10 students
in the Mathematics test. Given the scores: 35, 30, 26,
24,20,18,18,16,15,10.
X

X-X

/x x /

35

18.8

18.8

30

8.8

8.8

26

4.8

4.8

24

2.8

2.8

20

-1.2

1.2

18

-3.2

3.2

18

-3.2

3.2

16

-5.2

5.2

15

-6.2

6.2

10

-11.2

11.2

x=212 /21.2

/X-x/=604

Mean Deviation for Grouped Data

X

Xm

fXm

Xm-x

/Xm-x/

10-14

12

60

-21.63

21.63

108.15

15-19

17

34

-16.63

16.63

33.26

20-24

22

66

-11.63

11.63

34.89

25-29

27

135

-6.63

6.63

33.15

30-34

32

64

-1.63

1.63

3.26

35-39

37

333

3.37

3.37

30.33

40-44

42

252

8.37

8.37

50.22

45-49

47

141

13.37

13.37

40.11

50-54

52

260

18.37

18.37

91.85

n=40

fXm=1,345

f/Xm-x/

f/Xm-x/

=425.22

Variance and Standard Deviation

Variance Deviation
is one of the important measures of variation.
It shows variation about the mean.

Standard Deviation
is the most important measures of variation. It
shows variation.
It is also known as the square root of the
variance.

Formula:

(X-x)
N

X-X

(X-X)

19

4.4

19.36

17

2.4

5.76

16

1.4

1.96

16

1.4

1.96

15

0.4

0.16

14

-0.6

0.36

14

-0.6

0.36

13

-1.6

2.56

12

-2.6

6.76

10

-4.6

21.16

x=146
X=14.6

(X-X)=60.40

Variance of
Grouped Data
Example:
Score distribution of the test results of 40
students consisting of 50 items. Solve the
variance and standard deviation.

Xm

fXm

15-20

18.5

55.5

33.7

262.44

787.32

21-26

23.5

141

33.7 -10.2 104.04

624.24

27-32

29.5

147.5

33.7

-4.2

17.64

88.2

33-38

15

35.5

532.5

33.7

1.8

3.24

48.6

39-44

41.5

332

33.7

7.8

60.84

486.72

45-50

47.5

142.5

33.7

13.8

190.44

571.32

n=40

fXm=1348

Xm-X

-1.2

(Xm-X)

f(Xm-X)

f(Xm-X)=
2 606.4

For

Listening
God Bless