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WEEK 8 Bacterial Pathogenesis
WEEK 8 Bacterial Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
to:
Important Definitions
Infection:
A process by which the organism enters into a relationship
with the host.
Disease:
A process by which the organism enters into a relationship
with the host with occurrence of pathological changes and
appearance of clinical manifestations.
MICROBIAL VIRULENCE
Pathogenicity:
The ability of a bacterial species to produce disease.
Virulence:
is the degree of pathogenicity.
N.B.:
1- Virulence is genetically determined by genes
carried on chromosomes, plasmids, phages and
pathogenicity islands.
2- Microbial attenuation is the reduction of virulence
by several means for the purpose of vaccine
preparation.
Enzymes.
Antiphagocytic factors.
3. Toxin production:
Exotoxins.
Endotoxins.
1- Adherence Factors
Enable the bacteria to attach to the host surface.
Examples:
2- Invasion Factors
A- Enzymes:
* Leukocidin which destroy PMNL &
macrophages.
* IgA protease which degrades IgA.
B- Antiphagocytic factors:
* Capsule (e.g. Strept. Pneumoniae)
* Cell wall proteins of Gm+ve cocci.
* Coagulase enzyme of Staphylococci.
3- Toxin production:
Bacterial toxins are either exotoxins or
endotoxins
Source
Examples
Exotoxins
Endotoxins
Secreted by living
organisms both Grampositive
(mainly) and Gramnegative
C. diphtheriae
E. coli endotoxin
disintegration
Chromosome
Bacteriophages
Antigenicity
Highly antigenic
Poorly antigenic
Nature
Protein
LPS (lipid A)
Exotoxins
Endotoxins
Heat stability
Detoxification
Unstable
Stable
Can be converted
into toxoid
Specificity
Can not be
converted into
toxoid
Non-specific in
action (all give
fever and shock)
Toxicity
High
Low
Dr.Azza Abdulazim
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