Linked Open Data

Sushan Shrestha

The Classic Web

Search
Engines

Web
Browsers

HTML

HTML

HTML

hyperlinks

Single global information space

1. URLs as
globally unique IDs
retrieval mechanism
2. HTML as shared content
format
3. Hyperlinks
Shortcomings
Content is not well structured
You can not ask expressive
queries
You can not process content
within applications

Linked Data
Use Semantic Web technologies to
1. publish structured data on the Web,
2. set links between data from one data source
to data within other data sources.
Relational Links

Identical Links

Vocabulary Links

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typed
links

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links

typed
links

Example RDF Links

RDF links from DBpedia to other data sources
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin> owl:sameAs
<http://sws.geonames.org/2950159> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee> owl:sameAs
<http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dblp/resource/person/100007> .

RDF link from a FOAF profile to DBpedia

<http://richard.cyganiak.de/foaf.rdf#cygri> foaf:topic_interest
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web> .

RLFinder

http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php

Linked Data Principles

1. Use URIs as names for things.
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those
names.
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful
RDF information.
4. Include RDF statements that link to other URIs so
that they can discover related things.
Tim Berners-Lee 2007
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

The RDF Data Model

pd:cygri

rdf:type

foaf:name

foaf:Person

Richard Cyganiak

foaf:based_near

dbpedia:Berlin

Data objects are identified with HTTP URIs

pd:cygri

rdf:type

foaf:name

foaf:Person

Richard Cyganiak

foaf:based_near

dbpedia:Berlin

pd:cygri = http://richard.cyganiak.de/foaf.rdf#cygri

dbpedia:Berlin = http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin

Dereferencing URIs over the Web

pd:cygri

rdf:type

foaf:name

foaf:Person
3.405.259

Richard Cyganiak

foaf:based_near

dp:population

dbpedia:Berlin
skos:subject
dp:Cities_in_Germany

Dereferencing URIs over the Web

pd:cygri

rdf:type

foaf:name

foaf:Person
3.405.259

Richard Cyganiak

foaf:based_near

dp:population

dbpedia:Berlin
skos:subject

dbpedia:Hamburg

dbpedia:Muenchen

skos:subject
dp:Cities_in_Germany
skos:subject

Correspondence between thing-URI and

source-URI (slash URIs)
User Agent

HTTP
GET

HTTP
303
RDF
GET

Webserver

303 See Other is a way to redirect

web applications to a new URI

Correspondence between thing-URI and

source-URI (hash URIs)
User Agent

HTTP GET

Webserver

RDF

The Disco Hyperdata Browser

Content Negotiation
Use a generic document URL with RDF and HTML
variants
Clients express preferences for formats in Accept
HTTP header
Server decides which variant to serve
Generic document: e.g. .../about
Format-specific: e.g. .../about.rdf, .../about.html

Content Negotiation

Content Negotiation

Linked Open Data Rating

(Berners-Lee, 2010)

- Available on the web (whatever format), but with

an open licence

- Available as machine-readable structured data

(e.g. excel instead of image scan of a table)

- Non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of excel)

- All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C
(RDF and SPARQL) to identify things
- All the above, plus: Link your data to other peoples
data

W3C Linking Open Data Project

Community project with W3C support to

publish existing open license datasets as Linked Data on the Web in
RDF
interlink things between different data sources
Began early 2007

LOD Datasets on the Web: May 2007

Over 500 million RDF triples

Around 120,000 RDF links between data sources

Example RDF Links

RDF links from DBpedia to other data sources
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin> owl:sameAs
<http://sws.geonames.org/2950159> .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee> owl:sameAs
<http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dblp/resource/person/100007> .

RDF link from a FOAF profile to DBpedia

<http://richard.cyganiak.de/foaf.rdf#cygri> foaf:topic_interest
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Semantic_Web> .

LOD Datasets on the Web: February 2008

http://lod-cloud.net/

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

LOD Datasets on the Web: September 2008

http://lod-cloud.net/

> 2 billion RDF triples

> 6 million RDF links

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

LOD Datasets on the Web: September 2011

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

Types of Data in the Linking Open Data Cloud

http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/lodcloud/state/ (Sept 2010)

Beautiful Applications over Raw Data

Source: Berners-Lee, TED 2009

Applications
What can I do with this?
Linked Data
Browsers

Linked Data
Mashups

Search
Engines

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typed
links

typed
links

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links

typed
links

Linked Data Browsers

Tabulator Browser (MIT, USA)
Disco Hyperdata Browser (FU Berlin, DE)
OpenLink RDF Browser (OpenLink, UK)
Zitgist RDF Browser (Zitgist, USA)
Humboldt (HP Labs, UK)
Fenfire (DERI, Irland)
Marbles (FU Berlin, DE)

Linked Data Mashups

Domain-specific applications using Linked Data from the Web
A Mashup is a way of combining related data into a pictorial
form using Socially Rich computing technology to make the
data easy to read and understand
Charts
Graphs
Websites
Maps
Tables
Movies
AJAX Rich Applications

DBtune Slashfacet
Visualizes music-related Linked Data
Uses LastFM, MySpace, and BBC data

Web of Data Search Engines

Falcons (IWS, China)

Sindice (DERI, Ireland)
MicroSearch (Yahoo, Spain)
Watson (Open University, UK)
SWSE (DERI, Ireland)
Swoogle (UMBC, USA)

Falcons

Roles in the Linked Data Scenario

Data Publisher

Client Application

1. Map
data into single
1. Publish
data
itself
CREATE
#
Metadata
TriG
LINKS
Representation
and
owl:sameAs
Licensing
of three
Information
Named
Graphs
BETWEEN
:G1
:Monica
a FROM
dbpedia
ex:name AND
"Monica
b FROM
Murphy"
factbook
rdf:type
.
foaf:Document ;
schema.
2. Set<http://dbpedia.org/data/Alec_Empire>
RDF{links
to other
RESTRICT
dc:publisher
:Monica
a TO {ex:homepage
?a<http://dbpedia.org/resource/DBpedia>
rdf:type<http://www.monicamurphy.org>
dbpedia-owl:Country }
;.
data
items
describing
the
2. ;Smush
data from
METRIC
dc:date
:Monica
{ STRING_SIMILARITY(a/rdfs:label,
"2007-07-13"^^xsd:date
ex:email <mailto:monica@monicamurphy.org>
b/rdfs:label),
.}
same real-world
entity.
dc:rights
NUM_SIMILARITY(a/p:populationEstimate,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:GFDL>
.
different sources about
:G2 { :Monica rdf:type ex:Person
b/factbook:population_total),
.
real-world
entity.
3. Reuse
terms
from
# The Document
:Monica
NUM_SIMILARITY(a/p:areaKm,
Content
ex:hasSkill ex:Programming
b/factbook:area_total)
}
}
existing
vocabularies
or
THRESHOLDS MATCH 0.9 VERIFY 0.7; 3. Resolve
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alec_Empire>
rdf:type
foaf:Person
inconsistencies
swp:assertedBy _:w1 .
set;:G3
links{to:G1
related
foaf:name
_:w1
"Empire,
swp:authority
Alec" ;:Chrisin.the data.
schemata.
dbpedia-owl:associatedBand
_:w1 dc:date "2003-10-02"^^xsd:date
dbpedia:Atari_Teenage_Riot
.
;
4.
Keep
track
of
information
4. Publish metadata
about
:G2 swp:quotedBy
_:w2 .
and lineage.
_:w2 swp:authority :Chrisprovenance
.
provenance
_:w2 dc:date "2003-09-03"^^xsd:date . }
5. Explain fusion process.
timeliness
data license

How can we publish Linked Data?

Serving Linked Data as Static RDF/XML Files
Serving Linked Data as RDF Embedded in HTML Files
Serving RDF and HTML with Custom Server-Side
Scripts
Serving Linked Data from Relational Databases
Serving Linked Data from RDF Triple Stores
Serving Linked Data by Wrapping Existing Application
or Web APIs

Linked Data Platforms and Tools

Linked Data Publishing Platforms
D2R server
Triplify
Talis platform
Kasabi
Pubby
Paget etc.
Linked Data/RDF Editors and Validators
Hyena
Vapour

Linked Data Tools

Data Access Tools
LDspider, SQUIN, Linked Data Client Libraries
Identity Resolution Tools
SILK, LIMES
Data Translation Tools
R2R Mapping Framework

Why Linked Data? -Benefits

Explicit and simple data representation
Ease of discovery
Ease of publishing and consumption
standards-based data sharing
Cross Referencing and Reduced redundancy
Incremental Data Integration
Added value
Build ecosystems around your data/content
Network effect
The value of your data increases the more it used /
linked by others

Future of Linked Data

Linked Data: The Next Big Wave or Another Tech Fad?

Future SEO: Linked Open Data (LOD)
Is Linked Data the future of data integration in the enterprise?
Linked Data and Internet of Things

Dbpedia Mobile

Location-centric DBpedia
client application
for mobile devices
Geospatial entry point
into the Web of Data
Starts with DBpedia,
Revyu and Flickr data

http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/

DBpedia Mobile
Consists of a map view, the Marbles Linked Data Browser
and a GPS-enabled launcher application.
Renders a map containing information about nearby locations
from the DBpedia dataset.
Geographic locations are currently available for 300,000
of DBpedia's 2.18 million things.

http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/

Dbpedia Mobile Usage

Provides browser-based area map that indicates the user's position
and nearby DBpedia resources with appropriate labels and icons.
Clicking on a resource brings up a summary view of the selected
item generated by the Marbles Linked Data Browser.
The view may include short text describing the resource , an image,
a link to the resource's foaf:homepage and reviews from the Revyu
rating site if existent.
If the displayed data contains RDF links into other datasets, the user
may click them to obtain a full details view of the referenced
resource.
In this manner, the user can navigate from the DBpedia dataset into
other interlinked datasets
http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/

Credits
DBpedia Mobile's Map View uses the following components:
Core DBpedia datasets (labels, geo-coordinates and categories) are
pre-loaded into Marbles' Sesame 2.1 MySQL store
Map tiles provided by OpenStreetMap
Jibbering RDF Parser to parse RDFXML map data results
GeoLite City for IP Lookup
Google Maps API
GxMarker V2
Prototype JavaScript framework

http://mes-semantics.com/DBpediaMobile/

RelFinder
Interactive Relationship Discovery in RDF Data

Developed and maintained by http://www.visualdataweb.org.

It extracts and visualizes relationships between given objects
in RDF data and makes these relationships interactively
explorable.
Highlighting and filtering features support visual analysis both
on a global and detailed level.
The RelFinder is based on the open source framework Adobe
Flex, easy-to-use and works with any RDF dataset that
provides standardized SPARQL access.
http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php

RelFinder
The RelFinder can easily be configured to work with different
RDF datasets.
It can even be called from remote to access a specific dataset
and/or certain objects.
The RelFinder can also be more deeply integrated with our
project.
URLs can also be composed dynamically to integrate the
RelFinder with our tool.
Integration requires
RelFinder.swf - the Flash file that is executed
config/Config.xml - the file that configures the RelFinder for the dataset(s)
config/examples.xml - a file with examples
http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php

RLFinder

http://www.visualdataweb.org/relfinder.php

Thank You

References
Linking Open Data Project Wiki
http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/
LinkingOpenData
Tutorial on How to Publish Linked Data on the Web
http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedDataTutorial/