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Bacterial Signal Transduction
Bacterial Signal Transduction
Example: Saccharomyces
cerevisiaethe fungus that
humans have used for
centuries to make bread, wine,
and beer. Use of chemical
signal to find potential
mates. Alpha () and a cells:
Signal Transduction
Signal transduction at the cellular level refers to the
movement of signals from outside the cell to inside.
Bacterial Signal Transduction: Two-Component
Regulatory Systems
In order to respond to changes in environmental
parameters, cells must be able to transmit the
information from the cell surface (site of induction) to the
cytoplasm (site of cellular response).
G-proteinlinked
receptors
Binding of
messenger-Chemical messenger
binds to receptor
protein, and the protein
changes shape
(conformational
change.) The
messenger fits into the
receptor like a key in a
lockit behaves as a
ligand.
Tyrosine-kinase
receptors
The fully-activated receptor
proteins activate a variety of
specific relay proteins that
bind to specific
phosphorylated tyrosine
molecules.
One tyrosine-kinase
receptor dimer may
activate ten or more
different intracellular
proteins simultaneously.
These activated relay
proteins trigger many
different transduction
pathways and
responses.
Ion-Channel
receptors
Protein kinase
Protein phosphotase
Signal Transduction
in Bacterial Chemotaxis
Proteins called CheA and CheW are bound to the receptor. The former is the
histidine kinase for this system. Upon activation of the receptor, the CheA's
conserved histidine residue undergoes autophosphorylation. There are two
response regulators called CheB and CheY. There is a transfer of a
phosphoryl group to their conserved aspartate residue from CheA. CheY
subsequently interacts with the flagellar switch protein called FliM. This
induces the switching in flagellar direction from counter-clockwise to clockwise.
Chemotactic Swimming
Methods
Chemotactic Swimming
Behavior
Physiological Functions :
Two-component systems regulate diverse responses including
Spo0F - sporulation
CheY chemotaxis
CheB chemotaxis