E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e

D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

MFrac
MView
MinFrac
MPwri
MProd
MNpv
MWell
MFast

Meyer Suite of Hydraulic

Fracturing Software
- 3D Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator
- Real-Time Data Analysis Module
- Minifrac Analysis Simulator
- Produced Water Re-Injection Simulator
- Analytical Production Simulator
- Net Present Value Optimization
- A Wellbore Hydraulics Simulator
- Analytical 2-D Fracture Simulator

Theoretical Basis
E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Governing Equations

Meyer Users Guide

Appendix A - Hydraulic Fracturing Theory

Appendix B - Multilayer Fracturing
Appendix C - Multiple Fractures
Appendix D - Fluid Loss
Appendix E - Wellbore Friction Factor
Appendix F - Minifrac Methodology
Appendix G - Production Model Theory
Appendix H - Net Present Value Theory
Appendix I - TSO & FracPack Methodology
Appendix J - Produced Water Re-Injection Fracturing
Appendix K - After Closure Analysis
Appendix L - Pseudosteady State Analysis

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Common User Interface

Major Features
Efficient numerical simulations based on
published papers
Graphical user interface
Flexible units
o English
o Metric
o User Specified

Multi-axis plots

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Common User Interface

Major Features (continue)

Spreadsheet controls for data input

Customizable plots and reports
Plot templates
Graphical manipulation of data
Export plots as metafiles, bitmaps, JPEGs etc.
Export reports as RTF, HTML or text

MFrac- Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Major Features

Multilayer fracturing (limited entry)

Perforation erosion
Multiple fractures (parallel or dendritic)
Comprehensive proppant, fluid, rock, acid
and tubing databases
Rigorous deviated wellbore model
Compressible fluids (foam treatments)
TSO/Frac Packs

MFrac- Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Major Features (continued)

Heat transfer
Proppant transport
Import Log Module
Acid fracturing
Real-time/replay
Pressure, time, and stage dependent leakoff
Three dimensional plots
Auto Design

Real-Time Pressure Matching

All Curves on the same Axis

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

BHP & Surface Pressure

100
MFrac Surface Pressure
MFrac BHP
Measured Surface Pres.
Measured BHP
Measured Surface Rate
Measured Surface Conc.

Pressure (psi)

6000
5000

80

60

4000
3000

40

2000
20
1000
0

100

200

300

Time (min)

400

500

0
600

Rate & Concentration

7000

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

DD ee v- 1v0i0ia0a t tee dd WW ee l l lbb oo r ree SS cc hh ee mm aa t ti icc

-1 0 0 0
00

T T VV DD ( (mm ) )

1 10 00 00 0
2 20 00 00 0

F Fl ul us sh h

3 30 00 00 0
77

4 40 00 00 0
5 50 00 00 0
6 60 00 00 0
7 70 00 00 0
- 2- 20 00 00 0 - 1- 10 00 00 0

00

1 10 00 00 0 2 20 00 00 0 3 30 00 00 0 4 40 00 00 0

L L a at te er ra al l DD i si st at an nc ce e ( (mm ) )

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Rock Properties

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Virtual Reality 3-D Fracture

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Limited Entry Designs

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Proppant Transport - Concentration

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

3-D Fracture Schematic - Opening View

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

3-D Virtual Reality - Top View

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

3-D Virtual Reality - Length View

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

BB oo t t too mm hh oo l lee SS t taa gg ee VV oo l luu mm ee s s - - SS l luu r rr ryy

S S l ul ur rr ry y VVo ol lu umm e e ( (mm ) )

6 60 0
5 50 0
4 40 0
3 30 0
2 20 0
1 10 0
00

11

22

33

44

55

66

S S t at ag ge e NN u umm b be er r

77

88

99

S Sc hc eh de ud lu e l de d
S St ot ro ar ga eg e
R Re de d S Sa na dn d 1 1
R Re de d Z Zo no en e 2 2
R Re de d Z Zo no en e 3 3

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

MM4 uu l lt ti il laa yy ee r r FF r raa cc t tuu r ree RR aa t tee s s && FF l loo ww bb aa cc kk

4
R
a
t
e(
m

/
m
i
n
)
R
a
t
e(
m

/
m
i
n
)

33

B B H H S Sl ul ur rr yr y R R a at et e
# #1 1 F Fr ar ac c S Sl ul ur rr yr y R Ra at et e
# #2 2 F Fr ar ac c S Sl ul ur rr yr y R Ra at et e
# #3 3 F Fr ar ac c S Sl ul ur rr yr y R Ra at et e

22

11

00

- 1- 1
00

1 10 0

2 20 0

3 30 0

4 40 0

5 50 0

TT i imm e e ( (mm i in n ) )

6 60 0

7 70 0

8 80 0

9 90 0

Acid Fracturing
E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Etched Width Contours (EOJ)

3000

cm
0
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.2
0.24
0.28
0.32

3020

TVD (m)

3040

3060

3080

3100

3120
0

20

40

60

80

Length (m)

100

120

140

160

MinFrac Minifrac Simulator

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Analyses
o
o
o
o

Step Rate/Step Down

Regression Analysis
After Closure Analysis
Pressure History Match

Purpose
o
o

Calibrate Models/Parametric Uncertainty

Optimize Fracture Design/Productivity

Step Rate Data

Step Rate Analysis

Step Down Data

Step Down Diagnostic Analysis

pt k nw q k perf q 2

pnw k nw q

p perf k perf q 2

After Closure Analysis Raw Data

After Closure Analysis

FR (t , t c )

1
ln(1 t c / t )
4

MiniFrac/Regression Data

MiniFrac Analysis

Frac Model Pressure History Match

Fracture Geometry & Contours

MProd Governing Equations

Trilinear Solution
Lee & Brockenbrough (1983) SPE 12013

Pseudosteady-State Analysis of Finite

Conductivity Vertical Fractures
Meyer & Jacot (2005) SPE 95941
Meyer Users Guide

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

MProd - Production Simulator

Oil or Gas Production

Multiple fracture designs
MFrac
User specified fracture conductivity and length

Variable fracture conductivity vs. position

Folds of Increase
Productivity versus time, length, and conductivity
Internal PVT table
History Match
Unified Fracture Design

MProd - Oil Rate (bbl/d)

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Oil Flow Rate (bbl/D)

1000

50 ft
100 ft
200 ft
300 ft
396 ft
495 ft
594 ft
693 ft
792 ft
891 ft
990 ft

100

10

1
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Producing Time (d)

3500

4000

4500

MProd - Cumulative Production

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

Cumulative Oil Production (Mbbl)

120

1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
9 years
10 years

100

80

60

40

20

0
0

200

400

600

800

Propped Length (ft)

1000

1200

Production History Match - 1

Production History Match - 2

Agarwal (SPE 9289) - Drawdown/Buildup Test900

3240

800

3220

700

3200
3180

Measured Pressure
Predicted Pressure
Rate

600

Parameter
=======
k (md)
Skin

3160
3140

Agarwal
======
77.4
-5.15

500

Meyer
=====
74.8
-5.39

400
300

3120

200

3100

100

3080
0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

Time (d)

2.0

2.4

0
2.8

Rate (bbl/d)

Pressure (psi)

3260

Fracture Optimization
Economic
o
o

NPV (Net Present Value)

DROI (Discounted Return on Investment)

Proppant Mass
o
o

Unified Fracture Design

Dimensionless Fracture Conductivity

C fD

k f wf
kx f

McGuire & Sikora Type Curves 40 ac

Example Oil Reservoir

Proppant

Oil Reservoir
Area

640 Acres

Mass Proppant = 250,000 lbm

Pay height

50 ft

Permeability

= 150 Darcy

Permeability =

1md

Viscosity

2 cp

Spec. Grav.

= 2.65

Porosity

0.10

Porosity

= 0.35

Compressibility =2e-5/psi

Total Height

= 100 ft

Initial Pres

Effective Height= 60 ft

5000 psi

Proppant Number = 0.3

Optimum Fracture Performance

Optimum Fracture Performance and Design

Optimum Fracture Performance and Design

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

MPwri Produced Water

Re-Injection

Large Volumes, Low Efficiencies (eff->0)

Multi-Layer
Thermal & Poroelastic Stresses
Ellipsoidal Fluid Loss Pseudosteady Options
Internal & External Damage Mechanisms
Filter Cake Erosion
Thermal and Water Fronts

MPwri Thermal/Water Fronts

8000

Modified

Width Profiles

Thermal/Water & Fracture Fronts

% Length
0
20
40
60
80
90
95
99

Initial Stress
Modified Stress

8050

8100

Major Water-Front
Minor Water-Front
Major Thermal-Front
Minor Thermal-Front

8150

Depth (ft)

8200

8250

8300

8350

8400

8450

8500
5000

6000

Stress (psi)

7000 -0.10

-0.05

Width (in.)

0.05

0.10 0

1000

2000

Distance (ft)

3000

4000

MPwri - Thermal & Poro-Elastic Stresses

8160

Modified

Width Profiles

Thermal & Poro-Elastic Stresses

Initial Stress
Modified Stress
% Length
0
20
40
60
80
90
95
99

8180

Depth (ft)

8200

Poro-elastic
Thermal
Sum

8220

8240

8260

8280

8300
5000

6000

Stress (psi)

7000 -0.10

-0.05

Width (in.)

0.05

0.10 -600

-400

-200

Stress (psi)

200

400

BHTP & Surface Pressure

6000

5500

6
5

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000
0

10

15

20

Time (yr)

Length vs Time

1400

Thermal/Water Fronts
#2 Water-Front
#2 Thermal-Front

3000

2000

0
30

25

4000

Minor Axis (ft)

4500

Rate (bpm)

Pressure (psi)

5000

Surface Pressure
BHTP
Surface Rate

#2 Length

1000

-1000

1200
-2000

Length (ft)

1000
800

-3000

600
-4000
0

400

2000

3000

Major Axis (ft)

200
0
0

1000

10

15

Time (yr)

20

25

30

4000

5000

MPwri Fracture Efficiency vs. Time

Efficiency vs Time

1.1e-05

#2 Efficiency

1.0e-05
9.0e-06

Efficiency

8.0e-06
7.0e-06
6.0e-06
5.0e-06
4.0e-06
3.0e-06
2.0e-06
1.0e-06
0

10

15

Time (yr)

20

25

30

MPwri Skin & Cake Thickness

Skin & Width vs Time
#2 Skin Sum
#2 Internal
#2 External
#2 Cake Thickness

Skin

0.15

0.12

0.09

0.06

0.03

0
0

10

15

Time (yr)

20

25

0.00
30

External Cake Thickness (in.)

MPwri Multi-zone Injection

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

MNpv - Economic Optimization

Integrated with MProd and MFrac

Forecasts fractured well NPV
Forecasts fractured well DROI
Compares cost of fracture vs. length and
conductivity

Meyer & Associates

Economic Optimization Concept
Fracture Characteristics
Kf w, X f, & FCD
Prop & Fluid Volumes

MProd

Xf 4
Xf 3

Cum.
Prod.

Xf 2
Xf 1

Time

MFrac

NPV
Length

Final
Treatment
Design

DROI

MNpv

Cost

Length
Length

MNpv - Cost vs. Length

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

350000

Job cost
Fluid cost
Proppant cost

300000

Treatment Cost (US Dollar)

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

0
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Propped Length (ft)

700

800

900

1000

MNpv - DROI vs. Length

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

28

1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
9 years
10 years

24

20

DROI

16

12

0
0

200

400

600

Propped Length (ft)

800

1000

1200

MNpv - NPV vs. Length

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

1.4e+06

1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
9 years
10 years

Fracture NPV (US Dollar)

1.2e+06

1.0e+06

8.0e+05

6.0e+05

4.0e+05

2.0e+05

0.0e+00
0

200

400

600

Propped Length (ft)

800

1000

1200

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

MWell - A Wellbore Hydraulics Simulator

Major Features

Real-Time Analysis
Calculate BHTP from Surface
Gravitational Head and Restrictions
Transport Times
Hydraulic Power Requirements

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

MWell - A Wellbore Hydraulics Simulator

Major Features

Near wellbore and perforation losses

Treatment Schedule
Net Pressure Calculation
Compatible with MFrac

MWell - Plot

E n g in e e r in g & S o f t w a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t C o n s u lta n ts

BHTP & Surface Pressure

Measured Surface Pres. (MPa)
Calc BHTP from Surface Pressure (MPa)

Measured Surface Rate (m^3/min)

BH Conc. (kg/m^3)
Measured Surface Conc. (kg/m^3)
10.00

100

Pressure (MPa)

90
80

7.50
1500

70
60

5.00
1000

50
40

2.50
500

30
20
0

40

80

120

Time (min)

160

200

0.00
240 0

Rate & Concentration

2000