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Frequency Planning and Neighbor Cell Planning
Frequency Planning and Neighbor Cell Planning
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GSM 900 :
890
915
935
960
GSM 1800 :
1710
1785
1805
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1880
GSM1800:
BTS receiver (uplink ): f1 (n) =1710.2 + (n-512) *
0.2 MHz
BTS transmitter (downlink ): f2 (n) =f1 (n) +95 MHz
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Other signals
carrier
interference
Other signals
carrier
interference
Effect of Interference
Decrease of signal quality
Bit error
Recoverable: channel coding, error correction
Irrecoverable: phase distortion
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Signal Quality
Receiving quality (RXQUAL parameter)
Level of receiving quality (0 ... 7)
Bit error rateRXQUAL
before
Mean decoding
BER
BER and
range error correction
Good
Fairly good
Acceptable
Intolerable
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class
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(%)
0.14
0.28
0.57
1.13
2.26
4.53
9.05
18.1
from... to
< 0.2%
0.2 ... 0.4 %
0.4 ... 0.8 %
0.8 ... 1.6 %
1.6 ... 3.2 %
3.2 ... 6.4 %
6.4 ... 12.8 %
> 12.8 %
{fi,fj..fk}
d
Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk}
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..
{fi,fj..fk}
..
{fi,fj..fk}
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Reuse Density
Reuse density is the number of cells in a
basic reuse cluster.
4*312
n*mn*m
n: BTS number in a basic reuse cluster
m: Frequency group number in a BTS
Tighter reuse
0
Looser reuse
10
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20
[fn]
D
[fn]
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C q 1
I
6
1/2
q = D/R = ( 3 k )
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34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
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TCHm-1: nm
n1 n2n3 n4 ...... nm
And n1+n2+...+nm=n
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RC type
Allocated
frequencies
Number of
available
frequencies
BCCH
46~57
12
TCH1
58~66
TCH2
67~74
TCH3
75~82
TCH4
83~88
TCH5
89~94
{f1,f3,f5...f23}
BCCH
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TCH1
{f2,f4..f22,f24...f40}
TCH2
TCH3
TCH4
TRX
Multiple reuse:
BWi
cap. N
re usei
BCCH layer:
re-use =14, (14 frq.)
Normal TCH layer:
re-use =10, (20 frq.)
Aggressive TCH layer:re-use = 6,
(6 frq.)
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Multiple reuse:
BWi
BCCH layer:
re-use =14,
(14 frq.)
cap. N
Normal TCH layer:
re-use =10,
(20 frq.) re usei
Aggressive TCH layer:re-use = 6, (6 frq.)
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Underlaid/Overlaid Frequency
Allocation
Overlaid-cell
Underlaid-cell
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Overlaid/Underlaid Frequency
Configuration
Super fn
Super fn
Regular fm
BCCH 15f
Super fn
Regular fm
Regular 24f
BCCH
Reuse density: 15
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Regular fm
Super 12f
1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+3TCH
4*3
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1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+12TCH
1*3
TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
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Cell1
Cell2
Cell3
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For Multi-layer reuse pattern, either Base band hopping or RF hopping can be
used. But for 1x3 reuse, only RF hopping can be used.
Multi-layer reuse pattern is a gradual process for TCH frequency planning. In
other words, the reuse is rather loose in TCH1 layer and it is quite close in the
last TCH layer (such as TCH5). The reason for this pattern is that base band
hopping is used in the Multi-layer reuse pattern. When there are rather few
frequency carriers, the hopping gain is small. Therefore, more frequency carriers
should be allocated for the layer with small TCH and then the reuse coefficient is
relatively large. When RF hopping is used in the Multi-layer reuse pattern and
there are a large number of frequency carriers, the hopping gain is high and the
reuse coefficient can be very small. In addition, the Multi-layer reuse pattern is of
a free pattern. It is different from base band hopping, in which the reuse must be
loose in the first TCH layer and more close in inner layers.
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Class of hopping
Advantages of hopping
Parameter of hopping
Collocation of hopping data
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Class of hopping
Advantages of hopping
Parameter of hopping
Collocation of hopping data
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Frequency Hopping
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Class of Hopping
Hopping can be implemented in two ways
Base-band hopping
RF hopping
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RF Hopping Principle
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Class of Hopping
Frame hopping
Frequency changes every TDMA frame. The different
Timeslot hopping
Frequency changes every timeslot. The different channel
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Advantages of Hopping
Get an agreeable radio environment.
Provide a similar communication quality for
every user.
Tighter reuse patterns are possible to be used
for larger capacity.
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Hopping Parameters
Hopping mode: the mode used by the BTS system, including three
options: not hopping, base band hopping and RF hopping.
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Hopping Parameters
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset): used to define the initial
frequency of the hopping.
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Why
Handover is based on the neighbor relationship.
Existing problem of neighbor planning
No neighbor relationship, no handover
Co-BCCH and co-basic between adjacent cells lead
to handover failure.
redundant neighbors
missing neighbor
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The cells, one site apart, face to face should be neighbor cells.
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Demonstration (ideally)
Original cell
co-site cell
Confronting cell
same directional cell
one site apart
face to face cell
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