Energy Efficient Residential Buildings in India

Energy efficient residential
buildings in India
International Conference on Growth with Stability in
Affordable Housing Markets
Earth Science and Climate Change

Decentralized Electricity Solutions
Environment Education & Youth Services
Energy Environment Technology Development
Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology
31st January,2012
Mili Majumdar,
Director
Sustainable Habitat Division
TERI New Delhi
Sustainable Habitats
Water Resources
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Resources Regulation & Global Security
Modeling & Economic Analysis
Industrial Energy Efficiency
Sustainable Development Outreach
Social Transformation
Urbanization & Population Growth

India's Urbanization
Population of India will reach from

current 1.2bn to 1.4bn by 2025
By 2030, 40.8% (600mn) of Indias

population will be living in urban
areas compared to current 28.4%
80
60
40
20
0
India's Population Growth
Census Years
Urban (%)

Rural (%)
Population (Millions)
Percentage(%)
100
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
-
Census Years
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Urbanization & Housing Demand-Supply Dynamics

Supply shortfall since post-independence (1947)
In 2005, estimated demand 209.5 million, supply 189.5 million
Demand-Supply
250
200
150
100
50
0
1961
1971
1981
Demand Units (Mn)

1991
2001 E
Supply Units (Mn)
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2005 E
Gap
NCAER Income Group Forecasts for the top twenty cities

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Annual electricity consumption(611 Billion units) in

India-sectoral break up:2008-09

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Cumulative emissions & savings- Urban residential

buildings
Cumulative Emissions Comparison for Urban Residential Buildings
500.0
450.0
46%
400.0
Emissions
350.0
300.0
250.0
59%
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
2008
2009
2010

2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Years
Water Resources
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Baseline Existing
Baseline New
Alternate Existing
Alternate New
Approaches to energy efficient housing

Vernacular approach to design (passive architecture, local
materials, use of local labor): Low income/low cost
housing and mass housing programmes of the government;
certain pockets in India (Kerala and Auroville)
Adoption of Energy conservation building code in envelope
design, labelled appliances for households; particularly
applicable to middle and high income group housing
Green rated housing : Energy and resource efficiency
looked at holistically in addition to indoor environmental
quality and societal issues

Water Resources
Use of low embodied energy technologies for housing

Water Resources
Works of Charles Correa : Architectural expressions with dominance of

natural climate control measures
Orientation and shading

as per solar geometry
Excellent ventilation
Courtyard design and Sustainable Habitats

Sustainable
Habitats
Resources
Design
for
daytime
and nighttime
use of mature tree for Water
Resources Regulation & Global Security Sustainable Development Outreach
shading
Modeling & Economic Analysis use Social Transformation

Silkworm rearing house: Bangalore

Thermal comfort requirement: Chawki room:

25 to 28 deg C with 70-90% RH
Rearing room: 23 to 25 deg C with 70-80%

RH
Non uniform heating/cooling leads to loss in
50-70% of yield
Water Resources

Constructed solar passive silk worm rearing

house
Building section for silkworm

rearing house
Water Resources
Silkworm rearing being carried out in

the constructed solar passive house

Water Resources
Performance of solar passive silkworm rearing house in winter season of Bangalore

Water Resources
Performance of the house
First rearing was carried out in the month of

December.
Required temperatures for silkworm rearing
is 22deg C 24degC.
Outside ambient temperatures monitored
during rearing were between 13deg C and
30deg C.
Inside the solar passive house the maintained
temperatures were between 20deg C to
24deg C.

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Adoption of Energy conservation building

code in envelope design, labelled appliances
for households: Potential for energy savings
and providing financial incentive

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Energy Efficient housing: Application of solar passive design in conjunction

with select measures from the Energy Conservation Building Code
Base Case parameters
FALG brick wall with
cement plaster on both sides
RCC roof
6mm single clear glass
with MS frame
Incandescent lamp, T-12
one-star window AC in
bedrooms and living room
ECBC compliant
Wall insulation
Roof insulation with
reflective coating
Single glazed Window with
SC compliant with ECBC
CFL, T-5
five-star rated ACs in
Assumptions
People- 100% occupancy
for 24 hrs
Lighting- 100% for 18hrs
-22hrs
AC- Living room-12hr20hrs
AC-Bedroom-13hr -14hr
-21hr-6hr
EPIbase :
152
EPIbase :
152
kWh/m2/annum
kWh/m2/annum
EPIECBCenvelope
:
111 kWh/m2/annum
Payback period: 47 years
Recommended case
Wall shading
Sakora roof with reflective
coating
ECBC compliant window
CFL, T-5
five-star rated Acs in
EPIeff.light_fivestar
eAC :
79 kWh/m2/annum
Annual energy savings:
73 kWH/m2
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EPIrecommended
case 119
kWh/m2/annum
EPIeff.light_fivestar
eAC :
86 kWh/m2/annum
Annual energy savings:
66 kWh/m2
The IT Toolkit entrance

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The assesment tool structure

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Savings
from
various
ECMs
Water Resources
Saving potential
Energy Conservation
Measures
Efficient Envelope
Materials
Efficient Lighting System
Efficient AC system
Solar Hot Water System

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Green rating for housing

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Green rating for housing
GRIHA (Green Rating

for Integrated Habitat
Assessment)
LEED rating for homes
Ecohousing programme
in city on Pune
(Western India)
Market driven and partly incentivised

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GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated

Habitat Assessment
Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation
of a green building ,and in turn .measure
greenness of a building in India
What gets measured gets managed

Water Resources
Key highlights of GRIHA
Sets out guidelines for design,

construction and operation
Sets performances benchmarks for key

resources like, energy and water
Facilitates integration of traditional
knowledge on architecture with present
day technology
Integrates all relevant Indian codes and

standards (e.g NBC 2005, ECBC 2007, IS
codes)
Is in complete alignment with government
policies and programs (e.g Environmental
clearance by the MoEF: GRIHA pre
certification gets fast track EIA clearance)

Water Resources
Building types (new

constructions)
Commercial
Residential
5 climatic zones
Hot Dry
Warm Humid
Composite
Temperate
Cold
The Doon School Masters Houses

Monitored indoor temperature profiles

show performance nearly equal (in
some cases better) than the
simulation studies (>>40 Centigrade
difference from conventional houses)
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Common wealth games village
Sustainable site planning measures

(compensatory afforestation, topsoil
preservation, etc)
Water efficient landscape by adopting native
species, efficient irrigation systems and
limiting turf areas.
Building water consumption reduced by use
of high efficiency and low-flow fixtures.
Energy efficiency measures such as high
performance glass, roof insulation, energy
efficient lighting and variable refrigerant
volume based air conditioning shall reduce
the energy consumption of the apartments
significantly.
Solar photo voltaic system is proposed to
meet the 10% of total energy requirement for
internal lighting.
Waste water recycling and solid waste
management system are being planned.

Water Resources
Incentives for GRIHA Rated Green Buildings

(governmemt projects only)
Reimbursement of rating-cum-registration
fee for buildings with higher rating
Incentives to architects/ design consultants
Capital subsidy for SPV installations under
Ministrys scheme
Promotional activities (training, awareness
generation, capacity building programmes)
Incentives to Urban Local Bodies
First 200 Government buildings exempted
from paying registration fees in advance.
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Conclusion
Alternative/vernacular materials and

techniques need mainstreaming through
market push and acceptance among
developers/builders/design community
Local skill base needs enhancement
Policy impetus with enabling financial
mechanisms
Standards and norms for EE in housing
Awareness and capacity building

Water Resources
Thank you for your attention

Water Resources

Energy Efficient Residential Buildings in India

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Energy efficient residential

Earth Science and Climate Change

Urbanization & Population Growth

Population of India will reach from

By 2030, 40.8% (600mn) of Indias

India's Population Growth

Earth Science and Climate Change

Urbanization & Housing Demand-Supply Dynamics

Demand Units (Mn)

Supply Units (Mn)

NCAER Income Group Forecasts for the top twenty cities

Earth Science and Climate Change

Annual electricity consumption(611 Billion units) in

Earth Science and Climate Change

Cumulative emissions & savings- Urban residential

Earth Science and Climate Change

Approaches to energy efficient housing

Earth Science and Climate Change

Use of low embodied energy technologies for housing

Earth Science and Climate Change

Works of Charles Correa : Architectural expressions with dominance of

Orientation and shading

Courtyard design and Sustainable Habitats

Earth Science and Climate Change

Silkworm rearing house: Bangalore

Earth Science and Climate Change

Thermal comfort requirement: Chawki room:

Rearing room: 23 to 25 deg C with 70-80%

Industrial Energy Efficiency

Constructed solar passive silk worm rearing

Building section for silkworm

Silkworm rearing being carried out in

Earth Science and Climate Change

Performance of solar passive silkworm rearing house in winter season of Bangalore

Earth Science and Climate Change

Performance of the house

First rearing was carried out in the month of

Earth Science and Climate Change

Adoption of Energy conservation building

Earth Science and Climate Change

Energy Efficient housing: Application of solar passive design in conjunction

Payback period: 47 years

The IT Toolkit entrance

Earth Science and Climate Change

The assesment tool structure

Earth Science and Climate Change

Earth Science and Climate Change

Earth Science and Climate Change

Green rating for housing

Earth Science and Climate Change

Green rating for housing

GRIHA (Green Rating

Earth Science and Climate Change

GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated

What gets measured gets managed

Key highlights of GRIHA

Sets out guidelines for design,

Sets performances benchmarks for key

Integrates all relevant Indian codes and

Earth Science and Climate Change

Building types (new

The Doon School Masters Houses