Normal Child

Yudianita Kesuma

Body Weight

Birth weight for full term baby : 2.500 4.000 g

Low birth weight : < 2.500 g
Lose weight in the first week < 10 % BW
BW regained in the second week
First 6 mo : gain of 150-250 g/wk
6 mo : 2 x birth weight
6-9 mo : 90-150 g/wk
9-12 mo : 60-90 g/wk
12 mo : 3 x birth weight
Second year : 40 g/wk

TABLE 1.
Average Physical Growth Parameters

Age

Occipitofrontal
Circumference

Height

Weight

Dentition

Birth

35.0 cm

50.8 cm

3.0 to 3.5 kg
Doubles birthweight by 5
mo

Central incisors6 mo
Lateral incisors8 mo

1 year

47.0 cm

76.2 cm

10.0 kg
Triples birthweight

First molars14 mo
Canines19 mo

2 year

49.0 cm

88.9 cm

12.0 to 12.5 kg
Quadruples birthweight

Second molars24 mo

Johnson CP and Blasco PA. Infant Growth and Development. Pediatrics in Review Vol. 18 No. 7 July 1997

TABLE 2. Formulas for Approximate Mean Weight and

Height of Normal Infants and Children
WEIGHT

KILOGRAMS

At birth

3.25

3 ti 12 months

Age (mo) + 9
2

1 to 6 years

Age (yr) x 2 + 8

7 to 12 years

Age (yr) x 7 5
2

HEIGHT

CENTIMETERS

At birth

50

At 1 year

75

2 to 12 years

Age (yr) x 6 + 77

Behrman RE, Vaughan VC III, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 13th ed, Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company;1987:11

Catch-up growth
When a child has had an illness or period of
starvation and is then restored to health, he shows
catch-up growth his growth rate is far more rapid
than normal untill he has caught up to the point
which he would have reached but for his illness.
If the cause of the delayed growth lasts for a long
time, he may never catch up.
The longer the illness lasts, the greater is the
eventual retardation, and the more the weight is
below its own growth curve

Body length / height

Age

Body height / length

Newborn
1 yr
4 yr
5 yr
13 yr

+ 50 cm
1,5 x birth length
2 x birth length
2 x birth length + 5 cm
3 x birth length

Head circumference

Newborn : 33 35 cm
1 yr : 45 47 cm
2 yr : 48 50 cm
5 yr : 51 53 cm
In first year head circ increases + 1 cm/mo
From 2-7 yr increases + cm / yr
From 7-10 yr increases + 1/3 cm / yr

Dentition of Primary teeth

Primary
teeth

Age at eruption Age at sheding

Max
Mand
Max
Mand

Central incissors 6-8 mo

Lateral incisors 8-11 mo
Canines
16-20 mo
1 st molars
10-16 mo
2 nd molars
20-30 mo

5-7 mo
7-10 mo
16-20 mo
10-16 mo
20-30 mo

7-8 yr
8-9 yr
11-12 yr
10-11 yr
10-12 yr

6-7 yr
7-8 yr
9-11 yr
10-12 yr
11-13 yr

Dentition of Secondary teeth

Secondary
teeth

Age at eruption
Max
Mand

Central incissors
Lateral incisors
Canines
1 st premolar
2 nd premolar
1 st molars
2 nd molars
3 rd molars

7-8 yr
8-9 yr

6-7 yr
7-8 yr
11-12 yr 9-11 yr
10-11 yr 10-12 yr
10-12 yr 11-13 yr
6-7 yr
6-7 yr
12-13 yr 12-13 yr
17-22 yr 17-22 yr

Areas of development

Gross motoric
Fine motor and vision
Speech, language and hearing
Social, emotional and behaviour

Gross motor development

Involves the use of muscles to gain
independent control of the body movements
Dependent on adequate growth and physical
development within the body
Motor dev. are not possible unless the body
systems such as the brain, nervous tissue and
muscles are increased in size and function

Gross motor development (mo)

Head steady in sitting
Pull to sit, no head lag
Hands together in midline
Asymetric tonic neck reflex gone
Sits without support
Rolls back to stomach
Crawling
Walks alone
Crawl up stair

2,0
3,0
3,0
4,0
6,0
6,5
10
12,0
15

Gross motor development (mo)

Runs stiffy, walks up stairs with one
hand held
Runs well, walks up and down stairs
one step at a time, open doors, jumps
Goes up stairs alternating feet
Rides tricycle
36
Hops on one foot, throws ball
Skips
60

18
24
30

48

Fine motor development

The infant needs to acquire visual attention
and a pincer grip to develop the dexterity
required to perform complex tasks such as
feeding, dressing, writing, and playing
computer games

Fine motor developent (mo)

Grasps ratle
Reaches for objects
Palmar grasp gone
Transfer object hand to hand
Thumb-finger grasp
Turns pages of books
Scribbles
Build tower of 2 cubes
Build tower of 4 cubes

3,5
4,0
4,0
5,5
8,0

12,0
13,0
15,0
18,0

Fine motor developent (mo)

Tower of 7 cubes
Makes vertical and horizontal strokes,
Imitates circular strokes
Imitates a cross
36
Draws a man with 2-4 parts,
48
Imitates square
Draws triangle

24
30

60

Speech & language development

Speech is not as same as language
Language is a boarder form of communication
encompassing aspects
non verbal : writing, sign language,
facial expression, gestures
verbal : speaking
Speech is the part of language where sounds are
used to convey meaning

Speech development (mo)

Cooing and gurgling in response to some one speaking
Gurgling and babling and holding conversation
Monosyllabic babble, ge, de, ke
Inhibits to no
Follows one step command with gesture
Follows one step command without
gesture

1-2
3
6

7
-

10

Speech development (mo)

Speaks 1st real word
Speaks 4 - 6 words
Identifies one or more parts of body
Puts 3 words together
Knows full name
Knows age and sex, count 3 objects
Tells a story, counts 4 pennies
Names 4 colors, Counts 10 pennies

12

15
18
24
30
36

48
60

Social development

Involves the process of learning the sklills and

attitudes which enable individuals ti live easily
with other members of the community

Social development (mo)

Watches its mothers face when being
fed and talk to
Begins to smile
1
Smiles on social contact,
listen to music, says aah, ngah
Laughs out loud, shows displeasure
if social contact is broken,
excited at sight of food

0,5

3
4

Social development
Prefers mother, enjoy mirror
Responds to sound of name,
plays peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake,
waves bye-bye
Plays simple bell game,
Indicates some desires or needs
by pointing
Feeds self

(mo)
6
10

12
16
18

Social development
Handles spoon well
Pretends in play,
helps put things away
Plays simple games (paralel),
washes hands, helps in dressing
Plays with several children,
goes to toilet alone
Dresses and undresses,
Domestic role-playing

(mo)
24

30
36
48

60