VALVES

Contents

Introduction
Types of Control Valves
Control Valve Components
Control Valve Accessories

What is control valve

Control valves are valves used to control

conditions such as flow, pressure,
temperature, and liquid level by fully or
partially opening or closing in responce to
signals received from controllers that compare
a "setpoint" to a "process variable" whose
value is provided by sensors that monitor
changes in such conditions

Control Valve

ACTUATOR

VALVE BODY
ASSEMBLY

BONNET
BODY

Control Loop
Control Valve

Process

Controller

Sensor

Transmitter

Feedback Control Loop

Basic Principle
OPEN
CLOSE

Outlet Pressure

Inlet Pressure

CONTROLLED

MAXIMUM

MINIMUM

TYPES OF
CONTROL VALVES

Control Valve Types

LINEAR MOTION

ROTARY MOTION

GLOBE

BUTTERFLY

GATE

BALL

DIAPHRAGM

PLUG

Linear and Rotary Motion

Tortuous Flow Path

Low Recovery
Can Throttle Small Flow Rates
Suited to HP Applications
Usually Flanged or Threaded
Bonnet Separable

Streamlined Flow Path

High Recovery
More Capacity
Can Handle Slurry / Abrasives
Flangeless
Integral Bonnet

Globe Valve
General Characteristics
Causing Turbulence & high P
Plug prone to wear/erosion
Recommended for throttling
Used for unidirectional flow
Valves bore < pipe opening
Can be

Single seated
Double seated

Single Seated Globe Valve

Double Seated Globe Valve

Gate Valve
General Characteristics
Straight flow
Directionless valve
Minimum pressure drop
Valve's bore pipe opening
Not recommended for throttling
Occupy less space as compare to
Globe

Diaphragm Valve
General Characteristics
No stuffing box packing
Not recommended for HP
Used where tight closure is
important
Long life and friendly
maintenance valve
Normally used for scale forming
or corrosive fluid

Diaphragm Valve

Butterfly Valve
General Characteristics
Reliable & long service life
Lines cannot be cleaned by pig
Suitable for low pressure
service,10-20 bar
Easy to operate, both manually
& by remote control.
Circular shaped disc used for
quick opening/closing

Ball Valve
General Characteristics
Low P
Easy operation
Quick opening
Two-way flow possible
Low maintenance costs
Ball is used for opening &
closing

Plug Valve
General Characteristics
Used for quick opening and
closing
Not recommended for
throttling
Used for more than one
inlet/outlet lines
Provides straight through
flow
Used for low pressure services

CONTROL VALVE
COMPONENTS

Parts of globe valves

BODY
Seat
Cage
Plug
Plug seal
Gland paking
Gaskets
stem

ACTUATOR

Yoke
Actuator spring
Actuator stem
Diaphragm
Diaphragm casing
Indicator scale
Indicator travel

Valve Body Components

Packing
Bonnet

Body
Stem
Guide Bushing
Retainer or Cage
Plug
Seat Ring

Body Assembly

Actuator

Diaphragm

Material can be

Rubber
Neoprene
Can be Reinforced like Fibre
glass, Nylon and Cotton.

Piston
Direct Acting
Reverse Acting

Direct Action Diaphragm

Reverse Action

Positioner
Common Applications

A positioner is a device put into a

valve to ensure that it is at a
correct position of opening as per
the control signal.

An I/P converter only sends the

opening/closing request to valve
but can not confirm its position.

Positioner senses the valve opening through a position

feedback link connected to valve stem

. I/P converter output is its set point input

positioner is a pneumatic feedback controller

Controlled external supply air to positioner provides power to

positioner to position a valve.

Reverse action

To change the control valve flow characteristics

Positioner
Input

3 to 15 PSI

Outputs

3 to 15 PSI

6 to 21 PSI

6 to 30 PSI

Depends upon Bench Set of the

valve

Valve Plug Types

Linear
(Conical)

Equal Percentage
(Tapered)

Quick Opening
(Flat)

Cage
General Characteristics
A bit less hard material
According to the requirement
of process
Guides the Plug
Reduces the noise (10 to 15 db)

Types of Cages

Quick Opening

Linear

Equal Percentage

Packing Box Assembly

The Packing Box Assembly consists of :

Packing Flange

Packing Follower (Bush)

Lantern Ring

Equally spaced Packing Rings

Packing Material

Teflon

Graphite

Grafoil

Asbestos

fail-closed/fail-open

Each valve must move to its safest position when either the
electric power or the air pressure fail

Fail-closed or air-to-open valve mean if the air pressure fails

the valve should be closed

Fail-open or air to close valve mean if the air pressure fails

the valve should be open

Control valve characteristics

The particular function relating the valve coefficient to the
valve position

Quick opening
Not suitable for regulating flow.
Appropriate for relief valve & on-off control system.

Linear
the linear characteristic produces a coefficient* proportional
to the valve position

(Cond)

Equal percentage
equal increments in valve position result in equal relative or
percentage increment in the valve coefficient*

*valve coefficient
the flow in gallons per minute of water that flows through a
valve at a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve