DARI JOURNAL : TEKNOLOGI MATERIAL PROSES.

EFEK HEAT TREATMENT PADA MIKROSTRUKTUR DAN PROPERTI

MEKANIK PADA CR-V-MO STEEL MELALUI METODE RAP
(RECRYSTALIZATION AND PARTIAL MELTING METHODE)

NAMA

: HENGKI IRAWAN

NRP

: 2714201002

1. INTRODUCTION

Excellent mechanical properties, such as hardness, toughness,

strength, and corrosion resistance, are the most important criteria
in evaluating tool steels owing to the wide utilization of these steels
in machine tools and dies.

microstructure containing a fine-grained martensite matrix with a

uniform carbide precipitation distribution is a guarantee of highquality
tool steel products

The conventional multipass hot rolling method consumes large

amounts of energy and time in the long process chain of manufacturing
steel for machine tools and dies

a new processing route with lower time and energy consumption is

required. The recrystallization and partial melting (RAP) method invented

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The characteristic microstructure of a semisolid metal, i.e., equiaxed solid

particles surrounded by a liquid matrix affects its forming behavior and the
distribution of alloying elements in the alloy billet showed that RAP involves
the partial melting of recrystallized metal slurry

The capability of the RAP method, which entails cold or warm working to
introduce a critical strain into an alloy and heating the alloy to above the
solidus temperature, for fabricating tool steel slurries has been investigated
and verified by Meng et al. (2012). In the improved tool steel manufacturing
route proposed by Meng et al. (2013), a RAP-processed material is
deformed in the semisolid state and then subjected to heat treatments.

investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of semisolid

X210CrW12 tool steel treated under various heat treatment conditions and
pointed out that complex multiphase microstructures with excellent wear
resistance and hardness can be achieved by adjusting the cooling rate and
the time of isothermal aging.

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The microstructural evolution of cast CrVMo steel (JIS SKD61, AISI

H13, DIN 1.2344) during various heat treatments was clarified. Vickers
hardness measurements, tensile tests, and Charpy impact tests were carried
out to determine the effects of heat treatments on the mechanical properties
of semisolid treated CrVMo steel.

2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
2.1. Material
o

Melting material then cast to block which size 180 mm dia and 200 mm height
machines the matl untill size 50 x 20 x 10 mm then compressed to 50% height
reduction at 300 oC , partially melted at 1385 oC for 20s and cooled in cold water.

2.2 HEAT TREATMENT

Various heat treatments were performed using a resistance furnace,as shown

in Fig. 2. The specimens were protected by ceramic wool. In the annealing
treatment, all of the RAP-processed specimens were held at 850 C for 3 h
and then cooled in a furnace

Thesubsequent quenching was carried out by heating the specimens to 950,

1000, 1050, or 1100 C and cooling them in air after isothermal holding for
480 s

Following the quenching treatment, specimens were tempered twice at

temperatures ranging from 200 to 800 C for 1.5 h and subsequently cooled
in air

2.3. MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES
Vickers hardness
Tensile strength and elongation
High temperature wear test (ASTM D 5707-11)
Impacted test

2.4. METALLOGRAPHY OBSERVATIONS

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDS)

X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

3. RESULT
3.1. Starting Material

3.2. QUENCHING

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3.3. TEMPERING

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4. DISCUSSION
4.1. Effect of quenching
Calculate the Ms start and Ms Finish material
according to the result of EDS Analysis.

Microstructure effect : large tensile residual stress

cause higher hardness and lower ductility, large
ammount retained austeniet cause lower high tempt
wear strength, large ammount chain like carbide
have lower tensile and elongation strenght and
decrease impact value.

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Various quenching temp results various average hardness , when

quenching temperatur is increased from 950 to 1050, more carbide
dissolve in the austenitic matrix because of the number possiblity
position of carbon atoms increase at higher temp. , thus : specimen
quenched at 1050 is harder than the others.

On the other hand execesice austenization at a higher temp increase

the alloying element content of austenite cause lower martensite
temp and more retained austenite.

A higher temp quenching also cause grain growth, a coarsed grain,

more retained austenite means lead to lower hardness and low
tensile strenght.

4.2. EFFECT OF TEMPERING

The purpose of tempering is to reduce the residual stress an

dtransform retained austenite to martensite

Temper 200 400 oC : diffusion alloying element too weak for

transformation retained austenite to martensite, recovery of
dislocation in martensite, the presipitation of carbide from martensite
and coarse tempered martensite structure.

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Tempering 400-600 oC

Causes microstructural evolution in both the former liquid-phase and

solid-phase regions and changes the morphology and distribution of
carbides. In the former solid-phase regions, martensite is transformed to
tempered martensite and secondary carbides

In the former liquid-phase regions, diffusion eliminates chain-like carbides

and decreases the alloying element content of the retained austenite.

A lower alloying elements results in a higher martensite starting

temperature. The retained austenite partially transforms to martensite
and secondary carbides

The homogenization of alloying elements shown in Fig. 13b is attributed

to the precipitation of carbides from the initial martensite and the diffusion
of alloying elements at higher tempering temperatures

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The precipitated secondary carbides and newly formed martensite

increase the hardness of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 14. This
phenomenon, which occurs during the tempering of high-alloy tool steels
is called secondary hardening

the release of residual stress and the microstructural evolution caused by

tempering. The elimination of chain-like carbides in the former liquidphase regions and the decreased residual stress improve the ductility and
impact toughness of the specimen

The decrease in the amount of retained austenite and the homogeneous

distribution ofcarbides result in better resistance to high-temperature wear

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Temp ecceeds 600 oC : almost all the retained austenite transforms to

martensite. Grain growth and the combination of carbides occur at high
temperatures.

Large amounts of alloying elements are distributed at the boundaries of

martensite grains The coarsening of the microstructure leads to low tensile
strength but high elongation

5. CONCLUSION
1. After quenching, the RAP-processed specimen exhibited high but
inhomogeneous hardness owing to its inhomogeneous microstructure. Its
low ductility, poor impact toughness, and poor resistance to hightemperature wear were mainly attributed to retained austenite and chainlike carbides in the former liquid-phase regions.
2. The specimen quenched from 1050 C exhibited better mechanical
properties than the specimens quenched from other temperatures. The
inhomogeneous hardness could not be eliminated by adjusting the
quenching temperature.
3. The hardness of the tempered specimen changed nonlinearly with
increasing tempering temperature. The tempering treatment resulted in a
uniform distribution of alloying elements and homogeneous hardness.
4. The microstructural evolution caused by tempering improved the ductility of
the tempered specimens. When the tempering temperature was 560 C, a
good combination of mechanical properties was achieved.

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