Energy efficiency in Singapore

in term of design

Introduction

Singapore's key strategies in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions are to

switch to less carbon-intensive fuels and to improve our energy efficiency.
A whole-of-government approach has been adopted to implement
measures to improve the energy efficiency and to reduce the energy use
of various sectors. To this end, the Energy Efficiency Programme Office
(E2PO), a multi-agency committee led by NEA and the Energy Market
Authority (EMA) has been established.
NEA has been actively promoting energy efficiency in the industry,
households and public sectors through legislation, incentives and providing
information.
Singapore has switched from fuel oil to natural gas as the main energy
source for electricity generation. Natural gas produces the least carbon
emissions per unit of electricity generated amongst fossil fuel-fired power
plants. By increasing the share of natural gas used in electricity
generation, from only 19% in 2000 to about 80% today, Singapore has
substantially reduced its emissions growth over the last ten years.

policy
General: 35% reduction in energy
intensity by 2030 compared with 2005
Energy consumption trends: large increase in industrys share
Energy efficiency trends: improvements in the power
generation sector

Power generation: strong improvements in

efficiency
In industry: Mandatory energy
management requirements for large
energy users

Energy consumption trends: large increase since 1995

Energy intensity improved by 15% between 1990 and 2005 due to

adoption of better technology in power generation and the more
productive use of energy in other sectors

Energy efficiency program

TRANSPORTATION
Since Singapores policy is to promote public transportation
therefore Singapore has a relatively low private vehicle ownership
compared to other developed countries. The reason is public
transportation is highly energy efficient on a per passenger-trip
basis.
Land transport authority, LTA responsible to promote public
transportation in Singapore by enhancing public transport
infrastructure, improving public transport services and raising
public awareness. Their target is to raise the public transport
modal split for the morning peak hours from the current 63% to
over 70%.
LTA is expanding the rail transit system coverage to 215km by
2018.

Future of the MRT & LRT network

Singapore Rapid
Transit System
The strategies in the design of RTS network by LTA cover these
areas:
Platform
screen
doors

Rolling
stock

Electric
al
systems

Lighting
systems

Green
Mark for
RTS

Escalator
& Lift
systems

Air
Condition
ing
systems

MRT FEATURE
The regenerated energy from the trains (when braking) comes in
short bursts of high intensity which greatly exceed the power
requirements of the trains own auxiliaries and quite often is not
utilized by trains within the surrounding. As such, the regenerated
energy results in excess energy which dissipates as heat.
Inverters are installed in the RTS to recover the excess
regenerative energy from the braking of trains. This excess energy
is channelled back into the internal AC HV network. The inverter
consists of double full wave thyristor bridge circuits which convert
the DC supply into AC supply.

Other program
Electronic
Road
Pricing
(ERP)
system
The way of refinement of
car ownership and usage
restraints measures

The Fuel
Economy
Label
Affixed to vehicles at the
point of sale to provide
information on the
vehicles fuels economy.
It helps car buyers to
choose fuel-efficient
passenger car models

The Green
Vehicle
Rebate
Such as hybrid cars, the
program was enhanced
in 2006 from 20% to 40%
of the open market value

Hybrid
Vehicles
They have certain
features that reduced
energy wastage by
turning the engine off
during idle output and
reducing the size and
power of engine without
compromising its
performance

Energy efficiency building

Features & technologies
Planning and site layout

A vast atrium sits as a thermal stack over

the internal street to create passively cool,
breezy transition spaces, thus reducing the
demand for air-conditioning.
Design of facades
To reduce solar heat-gain through the faade, a
30 solar cut-off was adopted (no direct
sunlight into the building when the sun is 30 or
more above the horizon) to heavily shade the
building. Some of the worlds biggest sunshades
on a curtain wall, projecting up to 1.8 m from
the face of the glass, wrap around the building
and control solar radiation and glare, yet
maximize daylight.

Energy efficiency building

Results
Energy savings-31%
Design Energy Savings-17% lower than the National Library
Buildings design benchmark
Electricity Energy Savings-31 % lower than the national
average of 220kWh/sqm/annum for non-green buildings
Energy Efficiency Index (EEI)-151kW/hr/m2M

Conclusion
Energy efficiency will always be an important component of
environmental impact and operation costs.
Energy efficiency will results in enhancing air quality,
increasing
economic
competitiveness
and
reducing
dependence on fossil fuels.

Thank you