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Imun Hiv Test
Imun Hiv Test
Imun Hiv Test
PEMERIKSAAN IMUNOLOGI
Humoral
Humoral
Elektrpforesis protein
Imuno elektroforesis
Elektrpforesis protein
Imuno elektroforesis
1. Reaksi presipitasi
ELISA
10
Susunan Gen
Berat molekul
Gen
Antigen
gp 160
ENV
bentuk polimer gp 41
gp 120
ENV
membran luar
p 66
POL
reverse transcriptase
p 55
GAG
precursor protein
p 51
POL
reverse transcriptase
gp 41
ENV
transmembran
p 39
GAG
fragmen p 55
p 31
POL
endonuclease
p 24
GAG
core protein
p 17
GAG
core protein
11
p 24 antigen
Window period
Individu terinfeksi HIV tapi seronegatif thd
pemeriksaan antibodi HIV
Infeksi HIV dapat dideteksi selama
window period:
Kultur HIV
Pemeriksaan p24 antigen
13
14
Wanita hamil
Penderita autoimmune disease
Sampel (+) utk IgM anti bodi thd:
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Rubella virus
Toxoplasma gondii
Pemeriksaan standart:
Pemeriksaan ICD:
Gen 3
WEBER, et al., JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Apr. 2002.
17
2.
3.
4.
Transplacental: 30-50%
2.
Intrapartum: 50-70%
3.
Breastfeeding
a.
b.
Neonate
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Maternal
a.
b.
c.
Maternal
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
2.
3.
22
Diagnostic Tests
A.
B.
HIV Culture:
23
Diagnostic Tests
C.
Standard Assay:
If acid hydrolysis is used to interfere with antigenantibody complexes in the serum, then the
sensitivity of p24 can be increased and utilized as
an early diagnostic tool. One hundred percent
detection by one to three months of age.
24
Diagnostic Tests
C.
HIV-DNA-PCR
(polymerase chain reaction):
25
Diagnostic Tests
E.
26
Diagnostic Tests
F.
Immunologic Testing:
The following tests should be performed on all
neonates born to HIV positive mothers.
28
Biakan virus
Deteksi antigen:
p24
DNA provirus/RNA
Deteksi antibodi:
Aglutinasi
Imunokhromatografi
30
Aglutinasi
Ag
partikel
Anti-HIV
31
Imunokromatografi
Koloid emas
Anti-HIV
32
Indirect EIA
Competitive EIA
Capture EIA
33
Indirect EIA
E
Anti-human Ig+enzyme
substrat
Anti-HIV
Ag
34
Competitive EIA
substrat
Anti-HIV+enzyme
E
Anti-HIV
Ag
Ag
Ag
35
HIV Ag + enzyme
substrat
Anti-HIV
Ag
36
Capture EIA
HIV Ag + enzyme
substrat
Anti-HIV
Anti-human Ig G / M
37
Spesivisitas rendah
40
41
Konfirmasi
42
Kadar
anti-p24
p24
p24
minggu
tahun
infeksi
43
44
Konfirmasi
Generasi 1 3 : deteksi antibodi
Western Blot
Line Immunoassay
RIPA
Imunofluoresensi
45
Konfirmasi
Generasi 4 : deteksi antigen + antibodi
Western Blot
Line Immunoassay
RIPA
Imunofluoresensi
Ag Neutralisation, NAT
46
Kesimpulan
Cara Pemeriksaan
WESTERN BLOT (WB)
Western Blot
Qualitative enzyme immunoassay
terhadap antibodi HIV-1 dan HIV-2
Spesifik
Mahal
Membutuhkan ketrampilan
Dapat menginterpretasi hasil
49
Prinsip dasar
Carik nitroselulosa dilekatkan dengan
antigenic protein dari HIV-1 yang sudah
dimurnikan dan specific HIV-2 synthetic
peptide dengan cara electrophoretic
blotting
Carik nitroselulosa diinkubasi dengan
serum / plasma pasien
Bila terdapat antibodi spesifik terhadap
HIV-1 dan / HIV-2 terjadi ikatan antigenantibodi
50
Anti-human Ig
Serum pasien
yang mengandung Ab
Substrat
+
+
+
Carik nitroselulosa
51
52
Kriteria interpretasi
Organisasi
Kriteria
CDC
WHO
2 band ENV
AFDA
Interpretasi hasil
Reaktif
Non-reaktif
Indeterminate
54
Western blot
A. Positif untuk infeksi
HIV-1
B. Positif lemah untuk
infeksi HIV-1
C. Negatif
55
(+)
(+)
(-)
(-)
(+)
(+)
56
HIV-2 +
57