KEPEMIMPINAN

TIM DOSEN
Prof. Dr. Hj. Tjutju Yuniarsih, M.Pd
Adman, S.Pd, M.Pd

DEFINISI LEADERSHIP
(kepemimpinan)
1. Hempill & Coons; 195: Leadership is the

beahvior of an individual when he is

directing the activities of A Group
toward a shared goal

2. Tanembaum, Weschler, & Masarik, 1961

: Leadership is interpersonal influence

exercised in a situation, and

directed, through the communication
process, toward the atteinment of a
specified goal or goals
1

Rouch & behling, 1984;

Leadership is the process of

inluencing the activities of an
organized group toward goal
achievement
5. Jacobs & Jacques, 1990;

Leadership is a process of giving

purpose (meaningful direction) to
collective effort, and causing willing
effort to be expended to achieve
purpose

Leadership merupakan proses yang kompleks,

sebagai hasil perpaduan dari unsur-unsur penting
berikut :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Proses interaksi/komunikasi
Leader
Follower
Kemampuan mempengaruhi
Situasi tertentu

Budaya
Value
Changes
6. Tujuan tertentu

Gary YUKL, 1994;

Leadership is a social
influence process that occurs natually within a
social system and is shared among various
member if it
To influence what the group does,
how it is done, and the way
people in the group relate to each other.

8. Afsaneh Nahauandi, 1997;

Leadership is a Group phenomenon, consist of

leaders and followers, interpersonal influence or
persuasion, to guide froups through a a certain
course of action or toward the achevement of certain
goals in hierarchical relationship

BEBERAPA RISET TENTANG KEPEMIMPINAN

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

TRAITS APPROACH
Ciri khusus yang dimiliki pemimpin, memiliki kemampuan yang
hebat (dalam 3 jenis skill)
BEHAVIOR APPROACH
Pekerjaan/aktivitas manajerial yang alami, mendasar, dan
membandingkan perilaku pemimpin yang efektif dengan yang
tidak efektif.
POWER INFLUENCE APPROACH (HUMAN RELATIONS
AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS)
Kemampuan mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku bawahan, peers,
atasan, maupun outsider
SITUATIONAL APPROACH (CONTINGENCY THEORY)
Supportive, directive, participative, achievement oriented
leadership
PENDEKATAN BERORIENTASI KEAGAMAAN

SOURCE OF POWER
1. Position Power

A. Reward power
B. Coercive power
C. Legitimate power

2. Personal Power
A.
B.
C.
D.

Expert Power
Reference power (Charismatic)
Connection power
Information Power

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI

KEMAMPUAN KEPEMIMPINAN

1. Leadership maturity
conditions
a. mental age
b. physical/chronoogical age
2. Leadership Human Relations
3. The Function of leader

TUGAS-TUGAS
PEMIMPIN
1. Membuat keputusan
2. Memilih dan mengembangkan
petugas (bawahan/follower)
3. Mengkomunikasikan
4. Memotivasi
5. Mengawasi pelaksanaan
KOMARUDDIN, 2000

EVOLUTION TOWARD FIFTH

GENERATION MANAGEMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Jungle management (management by

doing)
Management by direction
Management by objectives
Value Creation management
Management by knowledge networking,
virtual enterprise and dinamic teamming
(out of bound and cross-border)

1. Gaya kepemimpinan

Inheritance(warisan)

2. Kemampuan mempersepsi dan menganalisis

masalah kelompok dalam konteks organisasi
secara keseluruhan

Personal power

3. Situasi khusus dan faktor-faktor interaksional

Appoinment by
a superior
(diangkat)
Elected by
peers

LEADER

a. Hubungan emosional

Pengawasan

b. pengetahuan tentang kelompok

Sanksi

c. Informasi yang diberikan dan dibutuhkan

LEADERSHIP

Motivasi

d. Pemahaman terhadap pengaruh keputusan

Ganjaran
Improvement
(Kaizen)

bagi pekerja & perilaku follower

Recognized by
subordinates
IMPLEMENTASI
KEPUTUSAN

FOLLOWER
FOLLOWERSHI
P

MEMILIKI RASA HORMAT,

KEPERCAYAAN, DEDIKASI,
LOYALITAS

KEPATUHAN DAN
KESEDIAAN UNTUK
MELAKSANAKAN
KEPUTUSAN SECARA
BERTANGGUNG
JAWAB

O
U
T
C
O
M
E

PERBANDINGAN PEMIMPIN DAN NON PEMIMPIN

1.
2.

3.
4.

5.

PEMIMPIN
Memberikan
inspirasi pekerja
Melaksanakan
dan
mengembangkan
pekerjaan
Menunjukan
bagaimana hrs
bekerja
Menerima
tanggungjawab
Menyelesaiakan
persoalan

BUKAN PEMIMPIN
1. Menekan
pekerja
2. Melaksanakan
pekejaan dgn
mengorbankan
pekerja
3. Menimbulkan
rasa takut pada
pekerja
4. Mengelak
tanggungjawab
5. Mengalihkan
kesalahan pada
orang lain