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PROCESS/DEMONSTRATI
ON
SPEECHES
Process/Demonstration
Speeches
The terms process and demonstration

work together. A process is a series of steps
producing an outcome (Grice 345).
Speeches
When speakers communicate with their

audiences about a process, they may often
explain or demonstrate how something
works, functions, or is accomplished (345).
Thus, the goal of a

process/demonstration
speech is to demonstrate
a process.
Speeches
Because a process is by definition a timeordered sequence, speeches about processes

commonly use chronological organization.
They are not, however, confined to this
pattern (345).
The best organizational
pattern for any speech
is the one that achieves
the purpose of the
speech (345).
Speeches
For example, if a speaker chooses to discuss

the topic good study habits lead to good
grades, he will probably discuss a series, or
describe a process, of helpful study habits
organized in a way that will lead students to
achieve good grades.
Speeches
The organizational strategy may be somewhat

chronological, but the speaker may also
choose to organize his or her examples in a
greatest to least, or most effective to least
effective, structure.
Speeches
In addition, while discussing the process to

achieve good grades, he will more than likely
demonstrate study strategies.
Speeches
There are two types of process/demonstration
strategies: the directional and the informational
process.
In the directional speech style,

speakers show and instruct the
steps of the process, so the
audience could actually recreate
the process after they have
been shown how.
Speeches
There are two types of process/demonstration
strategies: the directional and the informational
process.
The informational process

speech style informs,
educates, analyzes and
explains.
Speakers who
use this speech style
describe the theory of
how something was done
or is done, is made, works
or happens.
Speeches
Speakers creating process/

demonstration speeches
should focus on educating
and helping their audiences
to understand their topic.
Speeches
The best strategy is to choose

process/demonstration
speech topics with which you
are relatively familiar, or
select a topic you would like
to research.
Here are some helpful tips for

creating process/demonstration
speeches:
Choose something you know about

Use visual aids to demonstrate a process
When debating on what topic to choose, ask
yourself this question:
Does
this topic have

enough potential to
offer my audience
valuable information?

speeches:
Remember the importance of understanding

your audience, and ask yourself these
questions:
Who
are they?
What are their interests?
What do they like?
What are their needs?

speeches:
Break your topic into presentable steps using

key phrases:
How
To Make ...
How To Fix ...
How To Use ...
How To Do ...
How _____Works
How_____ Is Done, Produced or Made
Topic + verb
Process/Demonstration Speech
Organizational Strategies
Sequential: Your topic can be arranged in a

time sequence.
This strategy is useful for describing a process
as a series of steps or explaining a subject as
a series of historical landmark developments.
This strategy is also useful for
presenting a plan of
action in persuasive
speeches.
Sequential
A sequential design may be used to present

the steps of a process or to provide an
historical perspective on a subject.
When using a sequential design

to present the steps in a process,
you must first determine the
necessary steps and the order
in which they must take place.
These steps become the main
points of the speech.
Sequential
For an oral presentation, you should not try to

discuss more than five steps.
If you have more than this, see if you can
cluster some of them into subpoints.
Be sure to enumerate the steps as you
present them so that the audience can
follow your message.
Sequential
When using a sequential design to present an

historical perspective on a subject, be sure to
follow a systematic chronological sequence.
Do not jump around in time (i.e. Start with
1990, jump back to 1942, fast forward
to 1971), or the speech will be
hard for your listeners to follow.
Sequential
You can either begin with the beginnings of a

subject and trace it to a later point in time or
begin with the present and trace the subject
back to its origins.
When presenting an historical perspective, it is
important to narrow your topic to manageable
proportions by selecting the most important
historical occurrences. Your speech should
telescope time.
Categorical
Use the Categorical strategy if your topic has

natural or customary divisions. Each category
becomes a main point for development. This
strategy is useful when you need to organize
large amounts of material.
Categorical
For example, this

strategy in persuasive
speeches could be used
to demonstrate a plan
that is safe, inexpensive,
and effective, or to
demonstrate a cause/
effect scenario.
Categorical
You should use a categorical deign for

subjects that have natural or customary
divisions. This design allows you to organize
large amounts of material into manageable
format.
Do not use a categorical design
by default(Doing so may make you appear
to be you appear to be a lazy speech
writer because you have avoided
trying to create another way to
arrange your information).
Categorical
When using a categorical design, each

category becomes a main point for the
development of your speech.
Limit yourself to five or
fewer main points in a
short speech.
Categorical
You should begin and end

with the most important
categories since the first
and last areas covered
are the most easily
remembered.
Spatial
Your topic can be discussed by how it is

positioned in a physical setting or natural
environment.
This strategy allows you to take your audience
on an orderly oral tour of your topic as you
move from place to place.
Spatial
You should use spatial design when your

subject involves places or objects that can be
put in a physical arrangement.
Spatial
This design takes your listeners on a

systematic and orderly tour of your subject or
systematically describes an arrangement so
that your audience may visualize it accurately.
Spatial
To develop the body of a speech using a

spatial design, select a starting point and a
direction of movement for the verbal journey
on which you will take your listeners.
Move
in an orderly manner.
Start a route and stay with it.
Try not to backtrack or jump
from place to place.
Spatial
Your speech should build in

interest as you move along to
the last place which should
be the most interesting.
Using Visual Aids
The primary use of visual aids is to clarify and

support the point being made orally by the
speaker, as well as to
better hold attention
and interest. One
should not think of
visual aids as a
substitute for oral
discourse, however
(Zelko 93-94).
Using Visual Aids
A well-designed, appropriate presentational

aid can add significantly to the effectiveness of
the speech and the speaker (Grice and
Skinner 314).
Using Visual Aids
Using visual aids in the speech communication

process can be very effective, especially today
when technology allows speakers to very
easily create highly effective multi-media
presentations.
Using Visual Aids
However, not every facility is equipped to

handle this kind of technology, and, even if the
speaker brings his own equipment, he should
have a back up plan in the event of an
unforeseen technical crisis.
Guidelines for designing presentational

aids
Focus on a few key points

Layoutlandscape with text on top half
Highlightinguse bullets or numbering with as
few words as possible
Fontsuse strong and straight fonts
Color and artuse a limited number of colors
to enhance your presentational aid (328-329)
During the Speech
Reveal the aid only when you are ready for it

Talk to your audiencenot the aid
Refer to the aid
Keep your aid in view until
the audience understands
your point
Conceal the aid after you
have made your point
Use handouts with caution (330)
Using Handouts
Many speakers feel providing their audiences

with handouts will help them to further retain
the information being presented, but the time
of their distribution is critical.
As soon as the audience receives the
handouts, even during the time of distribution,
they will not be able to completely focus on the
speaker.
Using Handouts
To manage this distraction, the speaker may

want to distribute these handouts prior to his
presentation or after he has finished.
The only other choice is to allow time to pause
while the audience reviews the material on
their own, or wait until all handouts have been
distributed, and then review them together.
Using Props
Another valuable visual aid is a prop, which

allows the speaker to use fewer words
[because the] object speak[s] for itself (183).
Using Props
Like a handout, however, remember the prop

will completely distract the audience, and the
speaker must allow them time to focus on and
understand its impact on the speech.
Using Props
First and foremost, the speaker must be

intimately familiar with the object and
prepared. [He should] practice [using the
prop] before a presentation (183).
Using a Prop
In using models or objects, hold them up in

clear view of the audience or place them on a
table for all to see. Walk toward or into the
audience with them as appropriate for closer
viewing.
Using a Prop
Using props allows you to use fewer words and
lets the object speak for itself.
The two most important elements of using
props are:
Be intimately familiar with the object.
Be prepared. Practice before a presentation.
(Clinton 183)
Other Visual Aids
Flip Charts
Overhead Projectors
Dry Erase Boards
Each
presents its own challenges.
POWERPOINT
For your demonstration speech, you are

required to use PowerPoint (Prezi or some
other electronic visual), and the use of props
or handouts is completely optional.
KEY TO DEMONSTRATION SPEECH
SUCCESS
THE KEY TO ANY SUCCESSFUL

DEMONSTRATION SPEECH IS:
PRACTICE,
PRACTICE,
PRACTICE,
PRACTICE..
PROCESS/DEMONSTRATI
ON
SPEECHES

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PROCESS/DEMONSTRATI

The terms process and demonstration

When speakers communicate with their

Thus, the goal of a

Because a process is by definition a timeordered sequence, speeches about processes

For example, if a speaker chooses to discuss

The organizational strategy may be somewhat

In addition, while discussing the process to

In the directional speech style,

The informational process

Speakers creating process/

The best strategy is to choose

Here are some helpful tips for

Choose something you know about

this topic have

Here are some helpful tips for

Remember the importance of understanding

Here are some helpful tips for

Break your topic into presentable steps using

Sequential: Your topic can be arranged in a

A sequential design may be used to present

When using a sequential design

For an oral presentation, you should not try to

When using a sequential design to present an

You can either begin with the beginnings of a

Use the Categorical strategy if your topic has

For example, this

You should use a categorical deign for

When using a categorical design, each

You should begin and end

Your topic can be discussed by how it is

You should use spatial design when your

This design takes your listeners on a

To develop the body of a speech using a

Your speech should build in

Using Visual Aids

The primary use of visual aids is to clarify and

Using Visual Aids

A well-designed, appropriate presentational

Using Visual Aids

Using visual aids in the speech communication

Using Visual Aids

However, not every facility is equipped to

Guidelines for designing presentational

Focus on a few key points

During the Speech

Reveal the aid only when you are ready for it

Many speakers feel providing their audiences

To manage this distraction, the speaker may

Another valuable visual aid is a prop, which

Like a handout, however, remember the prop

First and foremost, the speaker must be

In using models or objects, hold them up in

Other Visual Aids

presents its own challenges.

For your demonstration speech, you are

KEY TO DEMONSTRATION SPEECH

THE KEY TO ANY SUCCESSFUL