MS DOS

• A non-graphical command line operating system .

• Tasks are performed with the keyboard rather than
the mouse.
• A “directory” in DOS is the same as a “folder” in
Windows terms.
 INTERNAL DOS COMMAND
Command Syntax Function

TYPE TYPE [drive:][path]filename Edit Files

COPY COPY [source] [destination] Copy one or more file to

alternate location.
DEL DEL [drive:][path]filename To delete files

CD CD [drive:][path] To change Directory

MD MD [drive:]path To Make(create)
Directory
RD RD [drive:]path To Remove Directory

CLS CLS Clears Screen

DIR DIR [drive:][path] List all the files of given

directory
COPYCON COPY CON[file name] To create a file with
specified name
REN REN [drive:][path][directoryname1 | To rename a
filename1] [directoryname2 | file/directory
filename2]
TIME TIME [time] To display/set the
system time
DATE DATE [date] To display/set the
system date
VER VER To display the version
of DOS
VOL VOL [drive:] To display the volume
information about
designated drive

PROMPT PROMPT [text] To change the

command prompt by
the text specified
PATH PATH To display the current
path
 ELEMENTARY EXTERNAL DOS
COMMANDS
BATCH FILES
• Batch Files : Batch Files consists of collection of DOS
commands, batched together in one file.
• Extension of Batch files : .BAT
• Steps of creating batch files(Example) :
1. Open an MS-DOS command window.
2. At the MS-DOS prompt, type: edit test.bat and press
enter.
3. If typed properly, you should now be in a blue screen.
Within the screen, type:
pause
dir c:\windows
dir c:\windows\system
4. Once the above three lines have been typed in,
save file and exit.
5. Once you are back at the MS-DOS prompt, type:
test and press enter. This will execute the
test.bat file and begin running the file.
Because the first line is pause, you will first be
prompted to press a key. Once you press a key
the batch file will run line-by-line; in this case,
listing the files in the windows and
windows\system directories.
Simply type "edit test.bat" to edit the file again.
 INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS
History : Basic development of the Windows
operating system from 1990 to 2007 is as follows:
• Windows 3.1 : Year - 1990,1992,1993,1994
• Windows 95 : Year - 1995,1996,1997
• Windows 98 : Year - 1998,1999
• Windows ME : Year - 2000
• Windows XP : Year – 2001 to 2006
• Windows Vista : Year – 2007 till now..
Desktop : Desktop is the main background which is seen on
the monitor, as the windows starts on computer.

Command Function
SCANDISK Scans disk for any errors

FORMAT Erase all of the information off of a disk

DISKCOPY To copy the content from one disk to another

TREE To view a tree listing of files and folders in

specified drive
DELTREE To delete a directory and all the subdirectories
and files in that directory
FDISK To delete and/or create partitions on the
hard disk drive
MORE To display one page of information at a time

MOVE To move files or directories from one folder to

another, or from one drive to another
 DOSKEY To keep a history of commands used on the
computer
DISKCOMP To compare contents of disk in source and target
drive
EDIT To view, create or edit files
MEM To display used and free memory in system

• Minimizing : Making a window shrink to an icon in task bar.

• Maximizing : Making the window fit, full size of the monitor
screen.
• Restoring : Restores a minimized or maximized window to
its normal size
• Close a window : To exit from the current application
Using the Start Menu : Start menu is a button
at lower left corner of desktop. On click of the start
button, menu of all programs in the system open,
any one of which can be opened by just a single click.

Control Panel : It is the panel from which we can

control the functioning of system such as windows
appearance, performance, network connections,
hardware settings and a lot more..

Managing Multiple Windows : Lot of programs

open at once, can be easily managed by either
maximizing or restoring the window which is to be
used and minimizing all the other windows with the
help of minimize, maximize, restore and close buttons
at the top-right corner of the program opened.
 Arranging icons on the desktop :
• Right-click a blank area on the desktop>>Click
Arrange Icons>>by Name/by Type/by date/by
size/Auto Arrange

Creating and Managing Folders :

• To create a new folder : Right-click a blank area on
the desktop>> select New >>Folder from the menu.
Rename the folder.
• These folders can be moved/ copied from one place to
another by just right clicking that folder, selecting
Cut/Copy and then click Paste at the location where
this folder is needed.
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