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From Packet-Switching To Contract-Switching: Aparna Gupta Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
From Packet-Switching To Contract-Switching: Aparna Gupta Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
Aparna Gupta
Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, NY
Murat Yuksel
University of Nevada Reno
Reno, NV
June 27, 2007
Motivation
Implied Challenges
Current problems:
flexibility in time:
forward/option
pricing
flexibility in space:
user-defined interdomain routes
capability to
provide e2e higher
quality services
money-back
guarantees,
risk/cost sharing
2
ISP
A
e2e circuits
ISP
A
Packet-switching
ISP
B
ISP
C
ISP
B
routable
datagrams
ISP
C
Contract-switching
ISP
A
ISP
B
ISP
C
June 27, 2007
contracts
overlaid on
routable
datagrams
3
Constituent contracts
Stitch nodes
i
u
u i
Intra-domain contracts specified with t0 , Ti , Gi ,Vi (Gi , t0 , Ti )
u
u
End-to-end contract t0 , T , G ,V (G , t0 , T )
sd pair
QoS (Loss) guarantee S u
Temporal characteristics, etc
rbh { Si , r ,VN }
s.t.
Vi ( Siu,r ) VN
Siu,r S u ,N S u
ipath r
ipath r
Siu,r , S u ,N 0
June 27, 2007
Spot contracts
Forward contracts
Options on Forward
Flexibility to innovate
services
10
Thank you!
Questions/Comments?
11
Type of contract
The per minute loss rate of the customers data over contract
u
u
duration T starting from t0 does not exceed Si ( S ).
icontract
Siu
12
Sample Contract:
The per minute maximum loss rates are less than 0.5% (Siu)
over the contract duration of 1 hour.
Per Minute Loss Rate lt:
60
li ,t
j 1
60
Lt , j
j 1 t , j
13
Payoff defined as
Yt I (0,1) (lt ) lt S u ,
1, if lt S u ;
I (0,1)
0, otherwise.
14
15
0 Mb
5c
5/6
1 Mb
1c
1/6
100 Mb
0c
0/6
p2
p3
T=0
T=1
Ten such time steps with (8, 1, 1) realization of each outcome imply a value of
8*5/6 + 1*1/6 + 1*0/6 = 41/6.
16
Capacity
Customers traffic It
the Aggregate At
Sample SPDs
SPD 1: Exp(0.02)
SPD 2: Beta(1.5, 100.5)
SPD 3: Beta(1.5, 167.2)
SPD 4: Beta(1.05, 100.95)
June 27, 2007
17