LIPID

ANABOLISM

acetyl-CoA carboxylase

fig 21-1

acetyl-CoA carboxylase

fig 21-1

acetyl-CoA carboxylase

fig 21-1

condensation

fig 21-2

reduction

fig 21-2

dehydration

fig 21-2

reduction

fig 21-2

synthesis of fatty acids

fig 21-4

synthesis of fatty acids

fig 21-4

acyl carrier protein

(ACP) in E. coli

a lot like

fig 21-4

fig 16-3

coenzyme A

AcCoA-ACP
transacetylase
(AT)

fig 21-6 (4th)

malonyl-CoAACP transferase
(MT)

fig 21-6 (4th)

b-ketoacyl-ACP
synthase (KS)

fig 21-6

b-ketoacyl-ACP
reductase (KR)

fig 21-6

b-hydroxyacyl-ACP
dehydratase (HD)

fig 21-6

enoyl-ACP
reductase (ER)

fig 21-6

acetylCoA-ACP
transacetylase (AT)

fig 21-6

fig 21-7

fig 21-7

fatty acid
synthases
variations
of the FAS
complex

fig 21-7

two sources of NADPH

fig 21-9

citrate as a source of building blocks

fig 21-10

citrate lyase as an anabolic carbon source

fig 21-10

and a minor NADPH source

fig 21-10

majority supplied by
pentose phosphate p.way

Allosteric regulation of fatty acid synthesis

fig 21-11

Phosphorylation of fatty acid synthesis

active un-phosphorylated ACC

makes cytosolic filaments

fig 21-11

now what?
elongation
desaturation

fig 21-12

provided
by plants:
polyunsat.
fatty acids

fig 21-14.

cyclooxygenase
a key reaction
of inflammation in
mammals

fig 21-15.

aspirin: a cycloxygenase inhibitor

willow
bark

fig 21-15.

a family of COX inhibitors: NSAIDs

box 21-2

a family of COX inhibitors: NSAIDs

box 21-2

Two COX isozymes

COX1
gastric
functions
box 21-2

COX2
inflammation
pain fever

COX2-specific inhibitors

box 21-2

COX2-specific inhibitors

COX2-specific inhibitors

lipid menagerie

phospholipid

triglyceride

phospholipids or glycerophospholipids

phophatidylcholine

phophatidylserine

mobilizing
glycerol

fig 21-17.

adding
acyl
groups

phosphatidic acid
a phospholipid
fig 21-17.

more
phospholipids
or glycerides

fig 21-18.

anatomy of a phospholipid

fig 21-23.

another
trinucleotidebased carrier:
CTP

fig 21-24.

The isoprene unit:

a branched lipid structure

fig 21-32

four stages
of
cholesterol
synthesis

fig 21-33

four stages
of
cholesterol
synthesis

fig 21-33

four stages
of
cholesterol
synthesis

fig 21-33

stage 1
mevalonate
production

fig 21-34.

stage 1
mevalonate
production

fig 21-34.

stage 1
mevalonate
production

fig 21-34.

stage 1
mevalonate
production

fig 21-34.

synthesis
of
mevalonate
first steps
of ketone
body
formation

fig 21-34.

stage 2: conversion to
active isoprenes

fig 21-35

condensation of isoprenes
head

fig 21-36.

tail

further condensation of isoprenes

fig 21-36.

and even more condensation of isoprenes

fig 21-36.

from squalene to cholesterol

fig 21-37.

fig 21-38.

LDL:
the
infamous
lipoprotein

fig 21-39.

fig 21-39

fig 21-40

fig 21-40

regulation
of cholesterol
metabolism
both uptake
and synthesis
are involved

fig 21-44

As does nature, so does pharma...

box 21-3

sterols
galore!

fig 21-45

isoprenoids
galore!!

fig 21-47