Engineered Solid Fuel

Introduction

Kim Erickson, President

612-750-1335
kim.erickson@rrtmn.com
kimberickson@comcast.net

Engineered Solid Fuel

Contents

Background
Waste Processing Technology Study
The Technology - ESF
Target Zero To Landfill

Kim Erickson, President

612-750-1335
kim.erickson@rrtmn.com
kimberickson@comcast.net

Engineered Solid Fuel

Background
Currently Operate Two Processing Facilities Which Convert
Non-Hazardous Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Into A Fuel
Source Called Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
Annually
- 830,000 Tons Of MSW Subscribed
- 740,000 Tons Of MSW Processed
- 625,000 Tons Of RDF Generated
- 31,000 Metals Recovered & Recycled
-Waste Shed Serviced Already Has A Mature Recycling
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Program In Place

Engineered Solid Fuel

Background
Annually (Continued)
- RDF Supplied To Power Plants Generates Enough Green
Electricity To Power 55,000 Homes Annually
- Supply Three Power Plants Xcel Energy (two) & Great
River Energy

Engineered Solid Fuel

Background
My Role
- Drive Operational Efficiencies, In Light Of/Anticipation Of
Declining County Financial Support, To Maintain Viability
Of The Existing Business
- Research Waste Processing Technologies For A Practical
& Capable Alternative To The RDF Model

Engineered Solid Fuel

Waste Processing Technology Study
Not Married To Any One Technology
Goal - Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)
Objectives
- High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
- Multiple End-Users
- Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties
- Value Add Product
- Environmentally Friendly Operations
- No Bonding, No Subsidies Stand Alone

Engineered Solid Fuel

Waste Processing Technology Study
Discovered That There Is No Silver Bullet / One Size Fits
All Technology For All Waste Streams
Best Use Modeling
Reduction Problematic Waste
Gasification Biomass, Homogeneous Waste Feedstock
Anaerobic Digestion Food & Animal Waste, Homogeneous
Waste Feedstock
Solid Fuel Combustion - Residential & Light Commercial
Waste (MSW)
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Engineered Solid Fuel

Waste Processing Technology Study
Best Use Modeling
Solid Fuel Combustion - Residential & Light Commercial
Waste (MSW)
- Mass Burn Combustion Of Non Processed MSW To
Generate On Site Steam And/Or Electricity (raw waste)
- Refuse Derived Fuel Combustion Of Processed MSW
To Generate Electricity At Modified Power Plants (fluff or
compressed pellet)
- Engineered Solid Fuel Combustion Of Highly Refined &
Reformulated MSW Used As A Fuel Source By Potentially
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Any Coal Fired Combustor (extruded pellet)

The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW
Goal Achieved..
- Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)
Objectives All Achieved..
- High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
- Multiple End-Users
- Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties
- Value Add Product
- Environmentally Friendly Operations
- No Bonding, No Subsidies Stand Alone
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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW
Goal Achieved
Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)
- Proprietary Processes (later explained)
- First Plant Commenced Operations In The Summer 2008
- 220,000 Ton Facility In Vaughn, Ontario
- Product Demand Exceeds Supply
- Plant Designs To 600,000 Tons MSW
- Satisfies All Technology Objectives
Dongara
www.dongara.ca

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW
Goal Achieved
Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW
Goal Achieved
Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW

Objectives All Achieved

High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Multiple End-Users
Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties
Value Add Product

Environmentally Friendly Operations

No Bonding, No Subsidies Stand Alone
Dongara
www.dongara.ca

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
High Energy Content
- Coal Substitute.But With Lower Emissions
- Customer Specd To 12,000+ BTU
- Homogeneous Feedstock
- Complete Burn

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions How Achieved..
- Processes Which Result In A Highly Refined &
Reformulated MSW
-Conventional Materials Separation (~RDF)
-Advanced Materials Separation
-Dramatically Reduced & Consistent Moisture Content
-Introduction Of Low Emission Waste Stream Additives
-120,000 +/- Tons For A 600,000 MSW Plant
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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions How Achieved..
- Conventional Materials Separation (~RDF)
-Metals (ferrous & non-ferrous)
-Non-combustibles

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions How Achieved..
- Advanced Materials Separation
-Remove Unacceptable Plastics Which Spike Emissions
-Utilize Optical Sensors
-Currently Can Identify 128 Grades Of Plastics
-Remove Fines From Improperly Disposed Electronic
Equipment & Batteries (transition (heavy) metals)
- = Lower Emissions
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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions How Achieved..
- Dramatically Reduced & Consistent Moisture Content
-High Moisture Content Requires More Fuel Combustion
To Attain Required Energy Output = Higher Emissions
-Inconsistent Moisture Content Results In Incomplete
Burn; Incomplete Burn = Higher Emissions
-Processed Metro MSW Moisture Content Ranges From
<5% To 40%+
-ESF Specd At A Constant 8% = Lower Emissions 18

The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions How Achieved..
- Introduction Of Low Emission Waste Stream Additives
-Utilization Of Select Plastics Ensures
-High BTU Fuel
-Homogeneous Fuel
-Low Emissions Fuel
-Contracted Separately From MSW Stream
-Generally Would End Up In Landfills
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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions
- Emissions Certifications In Progress
-Cement Kilns
-Green Houses
-Results Showing Dramatically Reduced SOX, NOX &
CO2
-Low To Substantially No Sulfur
-NOX Lower Than Coal Mixture
-CO2 Lower Than Coal Mixture
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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions
- Have Conducted In Depth Analysis For Three States Of
Interest Having Strict Standards
-Exceed State Requirements

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions
- Exceed Requirements Of Customer Coal Mixture
-Of Particular Interest
-Sulfur
-Mercury
-Lead
-Chromium
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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
Low Emissions Chemical Analysis - Elements Measured
Antimony
Chromium Silver
Arsenic
Lead
Thallium
Barium
Mercury
Vanadium
Beryllium
Nickel
Zinc
Cadmium
Selenium
Sulfur

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
Multiple End-Users
Coal Fired Combustors
- Primary Target
- Deemed To Be The Highest Emitter Of Greenhouse Gases
Gasification Projects
- Near Perfect Homogeneous Feedstock

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
Multiple End-Users
Potentially Any Coal Fired Combustor
- Cement Kilns ESF In Use
- Power Plants
- Green Houses ESF In Use
- Ethanol Plants
- Pulverized ESF In Use
- Chunk / Briquette ESF In Use
- Low To Substantially No Chlorine (covalent compound) 25

The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties
Stable
- Shelf Life Of Months / Years
- Virtually No Odor
Consistent
- Specd To Customer Requirements
- Reliable Supply Inventory Reserves Addresses MSW
Supply Volatility
Transportable
- Trade Region Similar To Coal
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- Piggyback Coal Transportation Infrastructure

The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
Value Add Product
500,000 Ton MSW ESF Facility
- ~5 MW Power Input Translates Into 80 - 90 MW Power
Output
Homogeneous With Coal But With Dramatically Lower
Emissions
- Value To End User? Self-Explanatory..

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
Environmentally Friendly Operations
Operations Are Common To Transfer & Recycling Facilities
- Essentially A Transfer Station
- Mated To A Sorting & Recycling Plant
- Zero Processing Emissions
-Power Source Solely Electricity
-No Thermal Processing
- No Ground Contamination Risk
- Not A User Of Water, But A Net Generator Of Water

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW Objectives All Achieved
Environmentally Friendly Operations
Operations Are Common To Transfer & Recycling Facilities
- All Commodities Are Transported Off Site
-ESF
-Recyclables
-Reusable's

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Target Zero
Zero Processed MSW To Landfill
- ESF
- Metals Recycled
- Unacceptable Plastics Recycled
- Non-Combustibles For Concrete Products

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW
Goal Achieved..
- Identify A Leading Edge, But Proven Technology
Objectives All Achieved..
- High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions
- Multiple End-Users
- Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties
- Value Add Product
- Environmentally Friendly Operations
- No Bonding, No Subsidies Stand Alone
Target Zero Waste To Landfill

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The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)

Best Use For MSW

Dongara
www.dongara.ca

Kim Erickson, President

612-750-1335
kim.erickson@rrtmn.com
kimberickson@comcast.net

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