Motivation

and
maslow theory of need
hierarchy

Presented by:-
Mahendra singh garva
 Motivation
 Motivation is an internal drive that makes a person move

toward whatever goal they are trying to accomplish.

- The reason for an action

- That which gives purpose and direction to

behaviour


 Terms of motivation
 Motives – Factors which impel individual to
action


 Needs – Deficiencies


 Incentive- External stimulus which activates

need and motivate one to work.


 Drives – Force which will move a person

towards a particular objective.
 Motivational process
 Motivation represents an unsatisfied need which
creates a state of tension or disequilibrium,
causing the individual to move in a goal
directed pattern towards restoring a state of
equilibrium, by satisfying the need.

 Ne e d  Drive  Actions 
de privatio n)                (Goal directed behaviour)
(tensions or drive to fulfill a need)

Satisfaction

(Reduction of the drive of the original need )
 Types of motivation


 Internal - is motivation that comes from

within. It comes from the personal
enjoyment and educational achievement
that we derive from doing that particular
thing. For example for people who love
music, their motivation to practice the
instrument, attend classes etc is intrinsic
motivation.


 External - is motivation that comes from

things or factors that are outside the
individual. Like- Social recognition, money,
fame, competition
Motivational techniques
 Financial motivators –


 Wages and salary bonus

 Profit sharing

 Leave with pay

 Medical reimbursement
Ø
Non financial incentives
 Appraisal, praise and prestige
 Status and pride
 Competition
 Delegation of authority
 Participation
 Job security
 Job enlargement
 Job rotation
 Job enrichment
 Reinforcement
 Quality of work life
 Role of motivation

 High performance level

 Low employee turnover and absenteeism

 Acceptance of organizational change


 Traditional theories
 “Be strong” theory or “fear and punishment”
theory-
 Based on military principle “neither make
reply nor question why, but do or die”.


 Efforts and rewards theory-


performance based on rewards


 Monastic theory- people work for money

only.



Cont…
 Carrot and stick theory-
Combination of both rewards and penalties for
motivation.



 Be good or paternalistic theory-
managers functioned much as a parent for his
employees.

Abraham Maslow’s need hierarchy theory
Maslow's hierarchy explains human behavior in terms of
basic requirements for survival and growth. These
requirements, or needs, are arranged according to their
importance for survival and their power to motivate the
individual
Maslow's  Hierarchy  of  Needs  model  was  developed 
between1943­1954,  and  first  widely  published  in  SELF ACTUALISATION NEED
Motivation and Personality in 1954. 

ESTEEM AND STATUS NEEDS

SOCIAL 
NEED

SAFETY,
SECURITY 
NEED

BASIC
PHYSIOLOGICAL
NEED
 Physiological Need-


 Physiological needs are those required to

sustain life, such as:
 air
 water
 nourishment
 sleep

 Safety Need- it includes the needs for being
free of physical danger or self-preservation.


 As the safety needs –

§ Security of body, family
§ Security of employment
Security of property
Financial reserves
Medical insurance



 Social Need – He will
hunger for affectionate relations with people in
general, namely, for a place in his group or family,
and he will strive with great intensity to achieve this
goal.


 Social needs are those related to

interaction with other people and may
include:
 Need for friends

 Need for belonging

 Need to give and receive love

 Esteem Need-
 All people in our society have a need or
desire for a stable, firmly based, usually
high evaluation of themselves, for self-
respect, or self-esteem, and for the esteem
of others.
 The desire for strength,
 For achievement, for adequacy, for
mastery and competence, for
confidence in the face of the world, and
for independence and freedom.
 Desire for reputation or prestige, status,
fame and glory, dominance,
 Self – Actualization- Self
Actualization is the need to maximize one’s potential,
whatever it may be. Self-actualized persons have
frequent occurrences of peak experiences,
which are energized moments of profound
happiness and harmony. According to
Maslow, only a small percentage of the
population reaches the level of self-
actualization.
Critical analysis of Maslow's
theory
 The basic questions raise from this theory are:-
 Isneed hierarchy is rigid?
 Does every person try to satisfy his needs according to this
model?


o Below are few problems which are not adequately solved

by this theory-
o

1) Every individual has to satisfy his needs in
some order. However , this order may not
follow maslow’s need hierarchy. like:-


o
  i) some people may be deprived of their lower
order needs but may try for self actualizing
needs.


 ii) there are certain persons for whom self

esteem needs are more important than social
needs. Like- love need.


 iii) from organization context, there is

disordering among these needs. Like-social
need is more important then job security.


 iv)there may be some people who might be

deprived of social need from their childhood.

 

 2) Lack of Cause-Effect relationship between need

and behaviour. like:-people earn money to satis fy
several types of needs, not only physiological
needs.


 3) The satisfaction level for particular need may

differ from person to person, because need and
their satisfaction are mental feelings

THANK YOU