King Fahd University of

Petroleum & Minerals

Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics ME 201
BY
Dr. Meyassar N. Al-Haddad
Lecture # 18

Kinetics of a Particle:
Impulse and Momentum
Objective:
To develop the principle of linear impulse and
momentum for a particle. To solve problems
involving force, time, and velocity.

Newtons Second Law

F ma m dv
dt
t2

v2

t1

v1

Fdt m dv
t2

Fdt mv

mv1

t1

Impulse

change in momentum

Principle of linear impulse and momentum equation

Linear momentum
L = mv
Measure of impact effect
Compare
bullets with small mass and high velocity
Ship with huge mass and slow velocity

L is a vector -- points in same direction as v

Unit: kg.m/s or slug.ft/s
Components (rectangular coordinates):
Lx=mvx, Ly=mvy, Lz=mvz

Linear Impulse
t2

I F(t)dt
t1

Measure the effect of force during the time

force acts.
I is a vector quantity in the direction of force
Unit N.s or Ib.s
When F is constant I F (t t )
c

Principle of Linear Impulse and

Momentum
mv1

t2

Fdt

mv 2

t1

Initial momentum

Sum of all Impulse

Final momentum

m1 F t mg t N c t N c t m 2

Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum

for a system of Particles
t2

m (v ) F dt m (v )
i

i 1

t1

m mi

mv G mi v i
t2

m( v G )1 Fdt m( v G ) 2
t1

Scalar Equations
t2

m( x )1 Fx dt m( x ) 2
t1

t2

m( y )1 Fy dt m( y ) 2
t1

t2

m( z )1 Fz dt m( z ) 2
t1

Free Body Diagram

Select the particle

Establish x, y frame
Establish the direction of the
particle initial and final
velocities
Drew the impulse and moment
diagrams. Include all the
forces acting on the particles
FBD will create an impulse,
even though some of these
forces will do no work.
Resolving the vectors along
the x, y axis
t2
Apply
m( x )1 Fx dt m( x ) 2
t2
t1

m( y )1 Fy dt m( y ) 2
t1

Example 15-1
m=100 kg
At rest smooth
t=10 s
=?V2
=?N
t2

() m( x )1 Fx dt m( x ) 2
t1

0 200 N cos 45o (10 s ) (100 kg ) 2

2 14.1 m / s

t2

m( y )1 Fy dt m( y ) 2
t1

0 N c (10 s ) 981N (10 s ) 200 N (10 s ) sin 45o 0

N c 840 N

Example 15-3
W=50 Ib
P=(20t) Ib
=?V2
.T=2 sec
V1=3 ft/s
k=0.3

t2

m( x )1 Fx dt m( x ) 2
2

t1

50
50
(3) 20tdt 0.3 N c (2) (50 sin 30o )(2)
2
32.2
32.2
0
4.66 40 0.6 N c 50 1.55 2

N c 50 cos 30o Ib 0
N c 43.3 Ib

2 44.2 ft / s

Example 15-3
From rest
=? vB
.t=6 sec
Block A
t2

( ) m( A )1 Fy dt m( A ) 2
t1

0 2T (6 s ) 3(9.81)(6 s ) (3kg )( A ) 2
Block B

t2

( ) m( B )1 Fy dt m( B ) 2
t1

0 5(9.81)(6 s ) T (6 s ) (5kg )( B ) 2

2S A S B l
2 A B

( B ) 2 35.8 m / s
TB 19.2 N

Problem 15-4
m=12 Mg
Fy=150 kN
=?V
=?h
t=6 s
Start from rest

16.1 0 a(6)

t2

m( y )1 Fy dt m( y ) 2

a 2.69 m / s 2

t1

0 150(103 )(6) 12(103 )(9.81)(6) 12(103 ) 2

2 16.1 m / s

v v0 ac t

1
s s0 v0t ac t 2
2
1
s 0 0 (2.69)(6) 2
2
s 48.4 m

Problem 15-6
m = 28 Mg
At rest
= ?V
t=4s
F = 4 - 0.01 t2

t2

m( x )1 Fx dt m( x ) 2
t1

0 (4 0.01t 2 ) (103 ) dt 28(103 ) 2

0

2 0.564 m / s

Problem 15-19
m = 75 kg
Start from rest
v = 200 mm/s
.t = 0.4 s
k= 0.5
= ?Impulse

F 0; N 75(9.81)

t2

() m( x )1 Fx dt m( x ) 2
t1

0 Fdt (0.5)(9.81)(75)(0.4) 75(0.2)

I Fdt 162 N .s