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Baigiangcacqtcbtrongcntp 3341
Baigiangcacqtcbtrongcntp 3341
Baigiangcacqtcbtrongcntp 3341
M U
1.Khi nim CNTP
-Vt liu v qu trnh bin i ca vt
liu
-Phng php ( quy trnh) sn xut
-Cng c sn xut
-iu kin kinh t, t chc sn xut
Bin i ca vt liu
Vt l
Ha l
Ha hc
Ha sinh
Sinh hc
Cm quan
Bin i c l
Bin i nhit
Bin i quang
Bin i in
Cc lai phn ng
ha hc c s tham
gia ca enzyme
Bin i t bo
Pht trin v sinh
trng
Bin i VSV
Bin i tnh trng v
sinh
Bin i sinh l dinh
dng
To cht thm
Bin i mu
Bin i trng thi
Nguyn
liu
Cng c sn xut
Mc ch ca qu trnh
Chun b: Nhm chun b cho qu trnh k tip thun li hn, khng
thay i ha hc, ch bin i v mt vt l
ch yu thay i v
mt cm quan.
Lu : C th mt qu trnh ng thi thc hin nhiu mc ch
Tr v
Mc ch
Phng php
hoc qu trnh
Chun b
Khai thc
Ch bin
Bo qun
Han thin
Chng II Qu trnh c hc
2.1. Qu trnh phn loi
2.1.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Tch cc cu t trong hn hp thng qua s
khc nhau bi 1 hoc nhiu tnh cht c
trng .
Mc ch chun b
Thit b sng s b
Thit b sng ti
Thit b sng
Chng II Qu trnh c hc
2.2 Qu trnh p
2.2.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Phn chia lng- rn trong vt liu
nh hnh- bin dng vt liu
Mc ch:
Khai thc( p nc ma trong sn xut ng)
chun b(dch trong sn xut tinh bt khoai m)
hon thin( to hnh sn phm)
Qu trnh p
2.2.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin I
Thay i ch yu v mt Vt l,
Khng thay i nhiu v ha sinh ha hc, sinh
ha(c th tn tht vitamin).
2.2.3. Cc yu t nh hng
Tnh cht vt liu
p lc p
Vn tc p
Thit b
Thao tc
Cung cp nng lng
Qu trnh p
2.2.3. Phng php thc hin
p sut cao
p sut thp
Nhit cao
Nhit thp
Nguyn tc nghin
Thit b p
Thit b p
Thit b p n
My p thy lc
Thit b p to hnh
Chng II Qu trnh c hc
2.3 Qu trnh lng
2.3.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Phn ring mt hn hp khng ng nht
bng trng lc hoc lc ly tm
Mc ch
Khai thc: Tch tinh bt khi dch bo.
Chun b: trc khi lc, lai bt tp cht
Qu trnh lng
2.3.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Kh rn
Lng rn
Lng l lng( huyn ph; nh tng; bt)
Lng - kh
Ch bin i vt l( tch pha)
Khng bin i ha hc, ha l, sinh ha
Cht lng tng ln do loi c tp cht (cm
quan)
Qu trnh lng
2.3.3. Phng php thc hin
Lng bng trng lc: B lng, thng lng, Dorr
Lng bng lc ly tm: Cyclon
2.3.4. Vn thit b (gii thiu thit b lng)
Thit b lng
Thit b lng
Thit b lng
Chng II Qu trnh c hc
2.4 Qu trnh lc
2.4.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Phn ring hn hp khng ng nht qua lp
lc.
Mc ch:
Khai thc: Sn xut bt
Chun b: Lc dch ng trc khi ch bin
Qu trnh lc
2.4.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Khng tan ln vo nhau v c kh nng tch
khi nhau
Vt liu gm: kh, bi, lng, rn.
Bin i: Vt l
Trong
Mu sc
C kh nng lc c VSV(sinh hc)
Qu trnh lc
2.4.3. Phng php thc hin
Lc p sut khng i
Lc lu lng khng i
Lc nhit cao, thp, thng
Lc nhit cao( nht cao)
Lc nhit thp( bin i khi nhit cao)
Lc nhit thng( nht khng cao0
2.4.4. Vn thit b (gii thiu thit b lc)
Thit b lc
Thit b lc
Thit b lc
Thit b lc
Thit b lc
Lc phn t
Thit b lc
Chng II Qu trnh c hc
2.5 Qu trnh ly tm
2.5.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Tch cc phn t c khi lng ring khc
nhau
Mc ch:
Chun b: tch tp cht, trc lc lm gim
p lc lc
Khai thc: Thu nhn sn phm, thu hi sn
phm
Qu trnh ly tm
2.5.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Hn hp khng ng nht kh- lng- rn
Rn- lng:
Lng- lng:
Bin i vt l
Trng thi cht lng sn phm tng
Qu trnh ly tm
2.5.3. Phng php thc hin
Ly tm lng
( hn hp c chnh lch khi lng ring nh)
Ly tm lc
(hn hp c chnh lch khi lng ring ln)
Qu trnh ly tm
2.5.4. Vn thit b (gii thiu thit b ly tm)
Chu k ly tm
Thi gian m my v nhp liu
Thi gian phn ly hn hp
Thi gian hon thin
Thi gian x sn phm
My ly tm
Thit b ly tm
Thit b ly tm
Thit b ly tm
Thit b ly tm
Chng II Qu trnh c hc
2.6 Qu trnh phi ch, o trn
2.6.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Phi ch:Pha trn 2 hay nhiu cu t
o trn:C hc nhm phn b u cc cu t
Mc ch:
To sn phm mi( Han thin)
Tng cht lng sn phm( Khai thc)
H tr cc qu trnh( Chun b)
Cnh khuy
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b o trn
Thit b lnh
Thit b lnh
Thit b lnh
Qu trnh tan gi v lm m
Bn cht mc ch
Ngc li ca qu trnh lnh ng
Mc ch chun b
Bin i vt liu
Thun nghch so vi qu trnh lnh ng
Qu trnh nng
Bin i
Vt l( nhit, khi lng, th tch)
Ha l (m, h keo, trng thi)
Ha hc(Mu, mi)
Sinh hc
Vi sinh
Cm quan
Qu trnh nng
Cc giai an ca qu trnh nng
Giai an 1: m chuyn t v vo trung tm
( hin tng dn nhit- m)
Giai an 2: t lp v>100oC, bc hi mnh
( m chuyn t trong ra)
Giai an 3:Gim tc mt m
H keo bin i
Trnh thi bin i
Thit b nng
Thit b nng
Thit b nng
Thit b nng
Qu trnh rn
3.4.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Tn ti th rn, bt, do
Bin i
Vt l
Ha hc
Sinh hc
Cm quan
3.4.4. Vn thit b
Qu trnh chin
Cc giai an chin
Giai an 1. tvt liu< tdu (Du thm vo, cha
bin i hnh dng)
Giai an 2. Thay i cu trc, th tch tng,
du thm mnh, th tch t bogim nhng
th tch khang trng gia cc t bo tng
vo cui giai an
Giai on 3. Bay hi nc o t, sp teo li,
cc t chc t bo b ph hy, du thm nhiu
hn
Thit b chin
Thit b chin
My chin lin tc
3.5.4. Vn thit b
Sn xut Chocolate
Chng 4: CC QU TRNH HA L
4.1. Qu trnh trch ly
4.1.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Tch cht ho tan trong cht lng hoc cht
rn bng mt cht ho tan khc(Dung mi)
Mc ch:
Khai thc(ma, ng)
Chun b( ngm c khoai m)
4.1.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Lng - lng; Rn lng
Qu trnh trch ly
Dung mi:
Ho tan chc lc
Khng tc dng ho hc
Khi lng ring khc
Khng ph hy thit b
Khng bin i khi bo qun
Khng gy c, r, d kim
D tch v thu hi
Qu trnh trch ly
Bin i vt liu
Vt l
Ho hc
Sinh ho sinh hc(t)
4.1.3. Phng php thc hin
Trch ly mt bc-Trch ly nhiu bc
Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh trch ly:
Kh nng khuych tn
Din tch b mt tip xc
Tnh cht vt liu
Nhit
Nguyn tc trch ly
Nguyn tc trch ly
Chng 4: CC QU TRNH HA L
4.2. Qu trnh chng ct
4.2.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Tch hn hp cht lng da vo s khc nhau v
bay hi khc nhau( Chng ct c dung mi v
cht ha tan cng bay hi, C c ch c dung mi
bc hi)
Mc ch:
Khai thc(Thu nhn tinh cht)
Chun b( loi tp cht)
Qu trnh chng ct
4.2.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Hn hp nhiu cu t c bay hi khc nhau
Lng: Ru nng thp
Rn-lng: Dch dm chn; nguyn liu trch tinh
du
Bin i:
Ho l
Thnh phn ho hc
Cm quan mu sc
Qu trnh chng ct
4.2.3. Phng php thc hin
Chng ct n gin
Chng ct hi lu
Chng ct bng hi nc trc tip
Chng luyn
4.2.4. Vn thit b
Thit b chng ct
Chng ct
Chng 4: CC QU TRNH HA L
4.3. Qu trnh c c
4.3.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Nng cao nng cht kh bng phng php
bay hi nc
Mc ch:
Chun b( kt tinh ng)
Hon thin(c pure)
Bo qun(Tng nng lm hn ch VSV)
Qu trnh c c
4.3.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Vt liu gm dung mi v cht ho tan,
cht ho tan khng bay hi trong qu trnh
Bin i
-Vt l(khi lng ring, h s dn nhit)
-Ho l(Keo t protein, phn hy Pectin..)
-Ho hc(Thay i pH, thay i mu sc)
-Sinh hc(Hn ch s pht trin ca VSV)
-Cm quan(t nng yu cu)
Qu trnh c c
4.3.3. Phng php thc hin
C c trong thit b h( thng c)
C c mt ni di chn khng
C c nhiu ni
C c lin tc
Cc phng php c c khc: C ly tm,
C chn khng c trc quay nhiu tng..
4.3.4. Vn thit b (gii thiu thit b c c)
Thit b c c
Thit b c c
Chng 4: CC QU TRNH HA L
4.4. Qu trnh keo t
4.4.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Lm mt tnh bn h keo bng cch tng
lc ht gia cc phn t( cc Mixen dnh
vo nhau, mt v hydrat, trung ho v in)
Mc ch:
Hon thin( Dung dch trong hn)
Ch bin( To sn phm phomai, keo t
pectin..)
Qu trnh keo t
4.4.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Vt liu thuc h d th khng bn v c
phn tn cao
Bin i vt liu
Ha l: Bin i pha, Thay i tnh cht..
Ha hc: Thay i pH..
Cm quan: Hng v, mu sc
Sinh ha: ng t protein
Qu trnh keo t
4.4.3. Phng php thc hin
Dng cht in ly
Dng cht to kt ta khng tan
Dng t st(trung ha in)
Dng cht to ng
Dng Enzyme
Dng phng php vt l: Khuy trn, thay
i nhit , pha lang hoc tng nng
4.4.4. Vn thit b
Chng 4: CC QU TRNH HA L
4.5. Qu trnh kt tinh
4.5.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Chuyn pha t lng sang rn da vo tnh
ha tan ca cht rn. Qu trnh km theo
ta nhit
Mc ch: Khai thc
4.5.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Dung dch m c c bo ha > 70%
Bin i
Ha l: chuyn pha
Qu trnh kt tinh
4.5.3. Phng php thc hin
C 4 giai on trong kt tinh
Chng 4: CC QU TRNH HA L
4.6. Qu trnh sy
4.6.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Bc hi nc bng nhit da vo chng
lch p sut hi ring phn b mt vt
liu v mi trng xung quanh
Mc ch
Chun b: chuyn ch, tm
Khai thc: tng hm lng cht kh
Ch bin: tng gin
Bo qun: gim hat tnh ca nc
Qu trnh sy
4.6.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
ng vt, thc vt, m( C 3 lai m:m t
do, Lin kt vt l, lin kt ha hc)
Bin i
Vt l( co th tch thay i khi lng ring)
Ha l( Khuych tn m..)
Ha hc( Tc phn ng tng hoc gim..)
Sinh ha( Hat ng ca Enzym tng hgoc
gim..)
Sinh hc( Cu to t bo, VSV)
Cm quan( Mu sc, mi, v, trng thi..)
Qu trnh sy
4.6.3. Phng php thc hin
Sy t nhin
Sy nhn to
Sy tip xc
Sy trc tip
Sy bc x
Sy bng dng in cao tn
Sy thng hoa
Sy ngc chiu
Sy xui chiu
Sy cho dng
Sy tng si
Thot m vt liu
Thit b sy
Thit b sy
Thit b sy
Chng 5: CC QU TRNH HA HC
5.1. Qu trnh thy phn
5.1.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Phn ct mt hp cht cao phn t thnh
cc phn t n gin di tc dng ca
cht xc tc v c s tham gia ca nc
Mc ch: Khai thc
5.1.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Nguyn liu: ng thc vt
Bin i: Ha hc
Chng 5: CC QU TRNH HA HC
5.2. Qu trnh thay i mu
5.2.1. Mc ch, yu cu
Chuyn ha mu ca vt liu di tc
ng ca nhiu yu t( Vt l, ha hc, ha
l, ha sinh)
Mc ch:
Ch bin( ch..)
Han thin
5.2.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Vt liu c th c hoc khng mu
Qu trnh thay i mu
ha hc: Phn hy, chuyn mu
Ha l: Hp ph trao i ion
Sinh hc: Cc tnh cht sinh ha
Cm quan: hnh thc
5.2.3. Phng php thc hin
Cc tc nhn ca qu trnh
Vt l: nh sng, khuy
Ha hc: m, pH, Cc phn ng
Nhit
Qu trnh thay i mu
Ha l: hp th, trao i ion
Vi sinh vt: nm
Sinh hc: chn sau thu hach
To mu
Ty mu
5.2.4. Vn thit b
Qu trnh chn
Ty theo yu cu cng ngh
chn thu hach
chn k thut
chn s dng
chn sinh l
6.1.3. Phng php thc hin
Cc yu t nh hng
Nhit
m khng kh
Thnh phn khng kh
chm
nhanh
6.1.4. Vn thit b (gii thiu thit b)
Qu trnh ln men
6.2.2. Vt liu v qu trnh bin i
Thnh phn ha hc & mi trng dinh
dng
C cht bin thnh nhng sn phm t
qu trnh ln men do vsv
Ta thnh cc sn phm t pyruvic
Cc yu t nh hng:
Nhit
pH
Nng dch ln men
Cht st trng
Qu trnh ln men
6.2.3. Phng php thc hin
Chun b ( men ging v dch ln men)
St trng
Len men
X l dch ln men
Hon thin v bo qun sn phm
6.2.4. Vn thit b (gii thiu thit b)
6.2.4.1. S nguyn l hot ng
6.2.4.2. Cu to
Chun b sn phm
Chun b bao b
Bao gi
Trnh by
Hon thin sn phm
Mc ch:
Vn chuyn( Chun b, bo qun)
Bo v, bo qun (bo qun)
Hon thin
Cc yu t nh hng
Hm lng oxy khng kh
m khng kh
nh sng