Chapter 9

The Modern
World in Art:
Architecture

D. Burnham and
J. Root
Burham and
Roots
Monadnock
Building

Dankma
r Adler
and
Louis
Sullivan
-

Materials used to
build early tall
buildings
1.Cast-iron Construction
~ Wood, stone and brick are the major
building materials for modern
architecture
~ Iron had been known for thousands
of years. In 19th century, architects
realized its potential for structural

Joseph
Paxton "Crystal
Palace
Hyde Park"

Gustave Eiffel
Eiffel
Tower

2. The Naail
~ Its simple but once massproduced, its possible to build
just about anything ever since.

3. Steel
~ Steel frame construction
skeleton-and-skin
arrangement
~ builders first erect steel
cage that is capable of
sustaining the entire weight

4. The Elevator
~ needed because buildings are
getting higher and higher
~ Skyscrapers began to
dominate areas of major cities

5. Reinforced concrete or
Ferroconcrete
~ Concrete old material that
was known and used by ancient
Romans
- It is a weak material
prone to cracking, so imbed iron
rods are put inside concrete

Setbacks in Tall Buildings

~ Buildings tend to look like weddingcakes
~ means to narrow or stepped back
because buildings could only rise for a
specified number of additional storeys to
prevent it from blocking sunlight

Ernest
Graham "Equitabl
e
Building"

International
style in Modern
Architecture

~ Emphasizes clean lines,

geometric form and an
avoidance of unnecessary
decoration

Ludwig
Mies Rohe
and Philip
Johnson "Seagram
Building"

1.

Other construction
methods in Modern
architecture
Suspension

~ Steel made suspension construction

method possible
~ refers to the weight of the structure
suspended from steel cables
~ Steel cables are suspended under:

Joseph Strauss - "Golden

Gate Bridge"

Tension force that pull

apart materials

Compression force that

tends to weigh down materials

2. Geodesic Dome
~ amazing in strength as it is
amazing in its graceful form
~ formed by a network of metal
rods arranged in triangles and
further organized into
tetrahedons

Buckminst
er Fuller "United
States
Pavilion"

3. Cantilever Construction
Method
~ used for constructions as
simple as bookshelves or as
complicated as bridges.

Recent directions:
green architecture
1.Preserving and updating
existing structures is one
of the basic practices of
green architecture.

Musee d'Orsay

2. Work in harmony with

nature using sun for light
and warmth, wind for
ventilation and cooling trees
and water for air quality

3. The use of renewable

resources in green
architecture is an aspect of a
larger world concern called
sustainable development,