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Corona Viruses
Corona Viruses
Corona Viruses
CORONAVIRUSES
Genus Coronavirus
CoV
&
Genus Torovirus
Coronaviridae
CORONAVIRUSES
The genome
- SS linear
non segmented
+ve sense RNA
- the largest
among RNA
viruses.
The family coronaviridae is
composed of two genera:
• Genus Coronaviruses
• Genus Torovirus:
– widespread in horses & cattle
– associated with gastroenteritis.
Genus Coronavirus
• First isolated in chicken in 1937
• Helical nucleocapsids.
A Crown-like Appearance
when viewed by EM
• Respiratory tract
• GI in infants
Relationship to human
infections
- Based on serologic studies,
coronaviruses cause respiratory tract
infections and pneumonia in humans.
• deletion mutations
Evolution of SARS gp I
(229E)
gp II
(OC43)
gp III
SARS CoV
NO HUMAN
strains
Clinical picture & epidemiology
ISOLATION:
• CoV are difficult to grow in CC.
- PASSIVE HAEMAGGLUTINATION
TEST
- ELISA
Laboratory diagnosis of
Gastroenteritis caused by
toroviruses
• Ag detection
• NA detection
SARS
SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY
SYNDROME
SARS
• No vaccine
YET STOPPING THE
SPREAD OF INFECTION
WAS POSSIBLE
THROUGH
EFFECTIVE CONTROL
MEASURES
Control Measures
1. Isolation of patients
1. Hand Hygiene
Co- evolution
&
pathogenicity
Majority of corona viruses
cause
asymptomatic infection in their natural
hosts
reflecting
CO- EVOLUTION
of
HOST AND PATHOGEN
WHY SARS INFCTION
IN HUMANS IS Fulminant
This is attributed to
2.Envelope
Not Not Enveloped
Enveloped Enveloped
Enveloped
3.Structure 70-90 nm , 20-30nm 80-120 nm 80 to 160 nm
ds-DNA Ss +vesense ss –ve Sense ss+ve RNA
segmented RNA
non segmented Non segmented non segmented
Helical symmetry
icosahedral Icosahedral Helical symmetry
symmetry
4. Antigenic six groups (A to F) <100 serotypes A,B,C 4 groups
structure 49 types 15 H, 9N
9. Important Latency < 50% of URTI Mutability & high high frequency of:
oncogenic potential frequency of genetic deletion mutations
feature reassortment
in animals high frequency of
recombination during
replication
10. VACCINE
- Available -
-
4 families of 1ry Respiratory viruses
DNA RNA viruses
Adeno Rhino Orthomyxo Corona
11. THREAT Epidemic & Potential
LATENCY No potential repetition of
pandemics infections similar
Threat to SARS