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Presentation1 090415045351 Phpapp01 - 2
Presentation1 090415045351 Phpapp01 - 2
Introduction.
Super
conductivity.
Properties of Super conductors.
BCS Theory (Qualitative).
Types of Super conductors.
High TC Super conductors.
Applications
of Super conductors.
Introduction:
o
o
o
o
Super conductivity:
o
Element
TC(K)
1.
Indium(In)
3.40
2.
Mercury(Hg)
4.15
3.
17.5
4.
10.0
Persistent current:
in
- A steady current which flows through a super conducting ring withut any
decrease in its strength as long as the material is in super conducting state
is called Persistent current.
- Persistent current persists even after the removal of the magnetic field.
Meissner Effect:
Isotope Effect:
- In most of the cases, the isotope of a super conducting
element is also a super conductor.
- TC of a heavier isotope is lower than that of a lighter isotope.
- Maxwell found that TC are inversely proportional to tha
atomic masses of the isotopes of a single super conductor.
Const
M Const
Effect of Pressure:
- By applying high pressure, we can bring the TC of a
material nearer to room temperature, i.e., TC is directly proportional to
pressure.
Thermal properties:
- Entropy and specific heat decreases at transition
temperature.
- Thermo-electric effect disappears in the super conducting
state.
Stress:
- When a stress applied to a super conducting material its
dimensions varies.
Frequency:
- At very high frequencies, the zero resistance of a
superconductor is modified.The TC is not affected by the frequency
vibration.
Impurity:
The general properties especially the magnetic property of super
conducting state are modified by the addition of impurities.
Size:
If the size of the specimen is reduced below 10-4cm, the properties of
super conducting state are modified.
Josephson Effect:
- In the year 1962, Brian Josephson, an English
Physicist discovered the tunneling of super conducting
electron pair with opposite spin and momenta through
a thin(10-20) insulating barrier between two
super
conductors. This phenomenon is
known as Josephson
Effect.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
TC in K
1.
High TC Super
conductors
La1.85Ba0.15CuO4
2.
YBa2Cu3O6.9
90
3.
Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10
125
4.
HgBa2CaCu2O6
133
36
Cryotron:
- Cryotron is a magnetically operated current switch.
Magnetic levitation:
- When a super conducting material shows the Meissner effect. Due to
this effect, super conducting materials strongly repel external magnets. This
leads to a levitation effect.
- When a magnet is placed over a super conductor, it floats. This
phenomenon is known as Magnetic Levitation.
- Magnetic levitated Train(Maglev train)
Additional applications:
- Super conducting Magnets.
- Electrical Machines.
- Power cables.
- Computer memory devices.
Super conductors:
Thank you