CHEMOTHERAPY

Al-Fahad J. Edding

Franco Ben Belarmino

CHEMOTHERAPY

The

use of antiseptic drugs to

promote tumor cell destruction.

CELL CYCLE

G1

Phase- RNA and protein synthesis

occur
S Phase- DNA Synthesis occurs
G2 phase- Pre mitotic phase
M Phase- Mitosis
G0 phase- Resting/Dominant phase

CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC DRUGS

Therapeutic

effect of the drugs only

works on a specific phase of the cell
cycle

ANTI- METABOLITES
-Block enzymes needed for DNA synthesis

TOPOISOMERASE INHIBITORS
-block enzymes needed for DNA synthesis

MITOTIC INHIBITORS
-Arrest metaphase by inhibiting mitotic tubular
formation

CELL CYCLE NON SPECIFIC DRUGS

Therapeutic

effect of the drugs

affects all phases of the cell cycle.

ALKYLATING AGENTS
-Break DNA helix, thereby interfering with DNA
replication.

ANTIBIOTICS
-Interfere with DNA synthesis
-Prevent RNA synthesis

NITROSOUREAS
-Similar to the alkylating agents

HORMONAL AGENTS
Bind to hormone receptor sites that alter cellular
growth

MONOCROMAL ANTIBODIES
-Destroy cancer cells and spare normal cells

ROUTES OF CHEMOTHERAPY
Oral (most convenient)
IV (most common)
Intramuscular
Intrathecal (ommava reservoir)
Intra-artorial
Intracavitary
Intravesical
Topical

SAFE ADMINISTRATION OF CHEMO

DRUGS

Chemo drugs are dangerous

There should be no contact with it

Pregnant should not undergo chemotherapy

PREPARING A CHEMO DRUGS

Prepare in a well ventilated area
Wash hands before and after the procedure
Wear gloves at all times
Wear a gown
Wear face shields
Level prepared medications as hazardous
Wrap gauze around injection site when
withdrawing syringe
Dispose in a leak and puncture proof container
Do not eat, chew and smoke when preparing
meds.

HANDLING WASTE
Wear clean gloves
Discard gloves and gown in a leak proof container
Linens with excreta should have a separate
container
Wash with a hot water

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF

CHEMPTHERAPY

NAUSEA and VOMITING

Nursing Care:
-Provide good oral hygiene
-Assess for dehydration (anti-emetics)
-Ice Chips
-Round the clock medications

 ALOPECIA
STOMATITIS
ANOREXIA
ANEMIA
NEUTROPENIA
THROMBOCYTOPENIA

C- Check for Phlebitis and Extravasations

H- High calorie and high protein diet
E- Encourage hydration
M- Monitor CBC
O- oral examination for stomatitis
T- Teratogenic
H- hair loss is a concern
E- Encourage counselling
R- Report complications
A- Administers Antiemetics
P- Practice Aseptic techniques at all times
Y- You should wear gloves, gown and mask when
handling chemo drugs

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS USED TO

DETECT CANCER
TUMOR MARKER IDENTIFICATION
-Breast, colon, lung, ovarian, testicular
, prostate cancer
MAMMOGRAPHY breast cancer
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
-Neurologic, pelvic, abdominal, thoracic, breast
cancers
FLOUROSCOPY- lung, skeletal, GI cancers
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
lung, colon, liver, pancreatic
ENDOSCOPY- bronchial, GI cancers