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Bio-Fuels: Advances in Bioprocess
Bio-Fuels: Advances in Bioprocess
Advances in Bioprocess
Bio-fuels
Why??
Depletion of fossil fuels
Increase in population and increase in
demand
Development in bio-fuels
First generation
From sugars, vegetable oils, and oils from crops
Second generation
Biomass plants and microbial
Third generation
Algae based biofuel
Fourth generation
Microbes to produce biofuel that can be used directly
without any processing
Biohydrogen
Castor bean
Food distribution issues made it unsuccessful
Bioethanol
Pentose sugars are not degraded by bacteria or yeast (only few does)
Biodiesel
There are three basic methods of biodiesel production from oils and
fats:
Base catalyzed transesterification of the oil.
Direct acid catalyzed transesterification of the oil.
Conversion of the oil to its fatty acids and then to biodiesel.
Production
Transesterification
Algal Biofuel
Green algae
Open raceway
Photo bioreactors
Heterotrophic cultivation
Mixotrophic cultivation
Photo Bioreactors
Case study