Branches of Physics &

Radar

Glance At Presentation
Physics & its branches
Radar & its uses

Physics
The word Physics comes from a greek word
Physikos means natural.
Physicsdeals with the combination of matter
and energy. It also deals with a wide variety
of systems, about which theories have been
developed that are used by physicists.
The physicists have divided the subject of
physics into various branches each branch
has acquired a title of a full subject
nowadays.

Branches of Physics

Mechanics
Electricity
Electromagnetism
Solid State Physics
Atomic Physics
Nuclear Physics
Plasma Physics
Bio Physics
Astro Physics

Mechanics
Mechanics, science concerned with the motion
of bodies under the action of forces, including
the special case in which a body remains at rest.
Mechanics may be divided into three branches:
Statics, which deals with forces acting on and in
a body at rest.
Kinematics, which describes the possible
motions of a body or system of bodies; and
Kinetics, which attempts to explain or predict
the motion that will occur in a given situation.

Electricity
Electricityis
the
set
of
physical
phenomena associated with the presence
and
flow
of
electric
charge.Electricitygives a wide variety of
well-known effects, such as lightning,
staticelectricity,
electromagnetic
induction and electrical current.

Electromagnetism
It deals with observations, principles, laws
& methods that relate electricity and
magnetism.

Solid State Physics

It is concerned with the structure and
properties of solid state materials.

Atomic Physics
This is the branch of physics that studies
atoms and the structure of atoms. Nuclear
power plants, X-ray machines and the
smoke detectors in your home all exist
because of our understanding of atomic
physics.

Nuclear Physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that
studies the constituents and interactions
of atomic nuclei.
The most commonly known applications of
nuclear physics are nuclear power
generation.

Plasma Physics
It is concerned with the properties of
highly ionized atoms forming a mixture of
bare nuclei (nuclei without electrons) and
electrons.

Bio-Physics
This branch studies the physics of living
organisms. It is sometimes considered to
be an overlap of biology and physics.
Biophysics and medicine go hand in hand,
as this study plays a big part in the
development of life-saving machines and
artificial limbs.

Astro Physics
This is the study of stars and galaxies.
Astrophysics
also
involves
abstract
concepts such as predictions about the
beginnings of the universe. With a degree
in astrophysics, you could design satellites
or even run missions into outer space by
working at NASA.

Radar
Acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging.
Radar is a remote sensing technique:
Capable of gathering information about
objects located at remote distances from
the sensing device.
RADAR
is
a
method
of
using
electromagnetic waves to remote-sense
the position, velocity and identifying
characteristics of targets.

History of Radar
Radar was developed for military purposes
during W. W. II.
The British and US Military used radar to
locate ships and airplanes.

Radar Performance and

Frequency Bands
Bandwidth
The bandwidth determines the range resolution and frequency agility capabilities of the
radar.

Antenna
For a given gain, low frequency antennas are larger than high frequency. Low frequency are favored
for
long-range search applications, because of the larger effective area associated with a given gain
allowing more effective capture of echoes.

Transmitter
In general, more radio frequency power can be produced at low frequency than at high.

Receiver
There is no clear choice between high and low frequencies.

Propagation
The attenuation at high frequency is dramatic. A given raindrop has over three orders of magnitude
more scattering cross section at X-band(10 GHz) than at L-band(1.3 GHz), producing far more
clutter
and signal at the higher frequency.

Targets

Uses of Radar
Nautical Radars: it is used to locate
landmarks and otherships; ocean-surveillance
systems, outer space surveillance, etc.
Aviation Radars: Aircrafts are equipped with
radar devices that warn of obstacles in or
approaching their path and give accurate
altitude readings.
Marine Radars: They are used to measure the
bearing and distance of ships to prevent
collision with other ships, to navigate and fix
their positions at sea.

Uses of Radar (Cont.)

Weather-sensing Radars: It is an important tool in
weather forecasting and helps make the forecasts more
accurate
Detection and search Radar: It is the early warning
radar, which is used for long-range detection of objects
Missile Guidance Systems: This radar is used to locate
the target of missile often present in Military aircraft
Radar for Biological Research: Bird and Insect radar
are used frequently by scientists to track the migration
patterns of animals.
Air traffic control and navigation Radar: This radar is
used by airport to ensure the safety of planes.

End of Presentation

Thank You