the person that deals

with the structure,

historical development,
and relationships of a
language or languages.

is the study of
the basic concepts
language in
and methods used
written historical
in historical
sources
linguistic research

the study of
to observe the
literary texts
characteristics of
and written
the Indo-European
language family
records

an introduction to

is derived from

theGreek
(philologia
from the
terms(philos),
meaning "love,
affection, loved,
beloved, dear, friend"
and
(logos), meaning
"word, articulation,
reason", describing a
love of learning

Germanic

philology is the
philological study
of the Germanic
languages
particularly from
a comparative or
historical
perspective.

The beginnings of

research into the

Germanic languages
began in the 16th
century, with the
discovery of literary
texts in the earlier
phases of the
languages.

the 16th century,

e.g. Historia de
gentibus
septentrionalibus
(Olaus Magnus,
1555)
In 1603Melchior
Goldfast made the
first edition of Middle
High German poetry,

publication increased

during the 17th

century with Latin
translations of the
notably Peder
Resen's Edda
Islandorum of 1665

a serious academic

discipline in the early

19th century,
pioneered
particularly in
Germany by such
linguists as Jakob
Grimm.

19th century

scholars include
Henry Sweet and
Matthias Lexer

These languages include the following groups:

Latin, and the Romanic languages,
Celtic,
Germanic,
Baltic,
Slavic,
Greek,
Albanian,
Armenien
Indo-Iranian

Comparative

branch of philology

studies the
relationship between
languages.
Similarities
betweenSanskritan
dEuropean
languageswere first
noted in the early
16th century

Textual or Critical

Editions
This branch of
research arose
among Ancient
scholars in the 4th
century BC Greekspeaking world

includes the study of

texts and their

history. It includes
elements oftextual
criticism, trying to
reconstruct an
author's original text
based on variant
copies of
manuscripts.

cognitive philology

studies written and

oral texts,
considering them as
results of human
mental processes.
textual science with

the results of
experimental
research of both
psychology

decipherment

Beginning with

the famous
decipherment
and translation
of theRosetta
StonebyJeanFranois
Champollionin
1822

Stone of granadiorite

stele
Egypt
1799 Pierre Bouchard
J-F. Champallion
hieroglyphs