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Otto CyclePowePoint
Otto CyclePowePoint
Objective
Applications
History
History
4% efficiency
Created an engine to
increase efficiency and
reliability
Increase efficiency by
compressing fuel mixture
prior to ignition
History Cont.
for sparkignition,reciprocating
, internal combustion
engines [source is
thermo textbook]
to produce useful
work output
Can be 4 stroke or
If 4 strokes,
involves
compression,
expansion,
exhaust, and
intake strokes
Cycle Diagrams
Cycle Diagrams
Cycle Diagrams-PV
Cycle Diagram-TS
Equations
2 Stroke
Engine
Involves just a power
than a 4 stroke
Advantages of a 2 stroke
spark ignition engines
Simpler configuration as compared to a 4 stroke
engine [2]
Produce about twice as much power as
Disadvantages of 2
stroke spark ignition
engines
Short engine life
Disadvantages of 2
stroke spark ignition
engines
Pollution comes from the combustion of the oil. As a two stroke engine
becomes more worn, it can produce huge clouds of oily smoke. [2]
The other reason for pollution is the fact that the air/fuel mixture leaks
out through the exhaust port each time it is loaded into the
combustion chamber. [2]
4 Stroke Engine
Involves compression,
expansion, exhaust, and
intake strokes
Advantages of a 4 stroke
Spark Ignition
Advantages contd
Longer Life
Four stroke engines last much longer and use less oil than 2 stroke engines. The
more revolutions an engine performs, the quicker it will wear out. Four stroke
engines are typically designed for low RPM applications, which results in a longer
life. [3]
A 4 stroke engine has a dedicated oiling system that is kept separate from the
combustion chamber, which ensures that the only thing burning in the engine is
gasoline. [3]
4 stroke engines have a dedicated intake, power and exhaust stroke, which keeps
fuel-to-exhaust crossover at a minimum.
Disadvantages of a 4
stroke Spark Ignition
engines
Cannot achieve high compression ratios as
Efficiency
generated by
combustion is
converted into useful
rotational energy at
the output shaft of
the engine.
Power Output?
The maximum amount of power generated by an engine is determined by the maximum amount of air
ingested.
The amount of power generated by a piston engine is related to its size (cylinder volume), in four-stroke
design, volumetric efficiency, losses, air-to-fuel ratio, the calorific value of the fuel, oxygen content of the air
and speed (RPM).
The speed is ultimately limited by material strength and lubrication. Valves, pistons and connecting rods suffer
severe acceleration forces. At high engine speed, physical breakage and piston ring flutter can occur, resulting
in power loss or even engine destruction.
Ring flutter compromises the seal between the ring and the cylinder wall which results in a loss of cylinder
pressure and power.
If an engine spins too quickly, valve springs cannot act quickly enough to close the valves. This is commonly
referred to as 'valve float', and it can result in piston to valve contact, severely damaging the engine.
At high speeds the lubrication of piston cylinder wall interface tends to break down. This limits the piston
speed for industrial engines to about 10 m/s.
Otto cycle
Improveme
nts
Potential ImprovementsTurbocharger
Pros/Cons
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