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Sat Com
Sat Com
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Satellite
Communication
What is satellite?
Satellite is a repeater in the
Receives uplink frequencies and translates to
sky.
downlink
frequencies and transmits back to the earth station
afterThe translation is done to avoid +ve feed
back.Trying to
amplification
receive and transmit an amplified version of the same
GEO ( Geosynchronous
satellite
travels in the same direction and at the same speed as the Earth's rotation on its
axis,
taking 24 hours to complete a full trip around the globe. Thus, as long as a
satellite is
positioned over the equator in an assigned orbital location, it will appear to be
"stationary" with respect to a specific location on the Earth.
A single geostationary satellite can view approximately one third of the
Earth's surface.
If three satellites are placed at the proper longitude, the height of this orbit allows
almost all of the Earth's surface to be covered by the satellites.
Polar Orbiting
Satellite
These satellites orbit the earth in such a way as to cover the north and south
polar regions.
These satellites if in a low earth orbit have to travel at a very high speed.
These satellites can be kept in low earth orbit (800 -900 km) or at 36000km
apart.
Geo-Synchronous
Satellite
Orbit on the equatorial plane - appears stationary
Advantage Of Geostationary
Satellite
Simple ground station tracking
requirements.
Inclined Orbit
Satellite
Technical
Term
Geosynchronous
Transponder
Footprint
Frequency
Polarization
Path Propagation
Timing
Satellite Access
Link Performance
Geosynchronous
Geosynchronous means that the satellite is synchronized with the earth in time and
direction. It means that is time taken by a satellite to complete its orbit around earth is
equal to the time taken by to earth rotates around its own axis.
Transponder
Frequency band on the satellite is divided into several channels. Each channels are
called transponder Each transponder have 40 MHz.
Satellite Footprint
Coverage of entire surface of earth that is visible by the
satellite.
Range
1 to 1.5 GHz
S-Band
C-Band
X-Band
Ku-Band
1 to 3.9 GHz
3.9 to 8 GHz
8 to 12.5 GHz
10.95 to 18 GHz
K-Band
18 to 26.5 GHz
Ka-Band
26.5 to 40 GHz
Satellite
Link
Satellit
e
Uplink
Downlin
k
Remote VSAT
1
Remote VSAT
2
Earth Station
(HUB)
VSAT System
Architecture
Topologie
s
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
Each VSAT terminal relays data via satellite to another terminal by acting as
a hub, minimizing the need for a centralized uplink site.
VSATs communicate directly with each other, Hub will be involved only for
call
setup and then fade out.( Hub will not be involved in permanent Circuits)
Parts Of
VSATs
Antenna
Block Up Converter (BUC)
Low Noise Block Converter
(LNB)
Orthomode Transducer
(OMT)
Types Of
Antenna
Prime Focus
Antenna
of the Reflector.
Antenna Electronics are placed on
Feed.
More susceptible to Interference from
Low elevation sources.
More Blockage because feed.
Antenna Efficiency is in the range of
60%.
Low Cost Antenna.
Primarily Used for Receive only
applications.
Cassagrain
Antenna
Gregarion
Antenna
Offset Fed
Antenna
Block Up-Converter
(BUC)
Orthomode Transducer
(OMT)
Indoor Unit
(IDU)
and
Demodulator.
The IDU also determines the access
schemes
under which the VSAT would operate.
The IDU also interfaces with various end
user
equipment, ranging from stand alone
computers,
LAN's, routers, multiplexes, telephone
instruments, EPABX as per the requirement.