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PI CONTROLLER
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CONTENTS
VARIABLES
IN -Aprocess
CONTROL
Sensed
water temperature
variable orLOOP
process value
(PV)
Desired temperature - setpoint (SP)
Input to the process (the water valve position)- Manipulated
variable (MV)
Difference between the temperature measurement and the
setpoint - error (e) ,which quantifies whether the water is too
hot or too cold and by how much.
PROPORTIONAL CONTROLLER
The controller output is simply the output of the proportional control
mode, plus a bias. The bias is needed so that the controller can
maintain an output (say at 50%) while there is no error (set point =
process variable).
A large drawback offset. Offset is a sustained error that cannot be
eliminated by proportional control alone
When the controller first turns the valve on, it may turn the hot valve
only slightly if warm water is desired, or it may open the valve all the
way if very hot water is desired.
This is an example of a simple proportional control.
INTEGRAL CONTROLLER
As long as there is an error present (process variable not at set
point), the integral control mode will continuously increment or
decrement the controllers output to reduce the error. Given
enough time, integral action will drive the controller output far
enough to reduce the error to zero.
In the event that hot water does not arrive quickly, the controller
may try to speed-up the process by opening up the hot water
valve more-and-more as time goes by.
This is an example of an integral control.
DERIVATIVE CONTROLLER
Derivative control mode produces an output based on the rate of
change of the error.
Derivative mode is sometimes called Rate.
The derivative mode has an adjustable setting called Derivative
Time (Td).
Larger the derivative time setting, the more derivative action .
A derivative time setting of zero effectively turns off this mode.
If the derivative time is set too long, oscillations will occur and
the control loop will run unstable.
PI CONTROLLER
The PI control scheme is named after its two correcting terms,
whose sum constitutes the manipulated variable(MV).The
proportional, and integral terms are summed to calculate the
output of the PI controller.
ADVANTAGES OF PI CONTROLLER
DISADVANTAGES OF PI
CONTROLLER
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