GUIDANCE AND

COUNSELING
Submitted by :
Miss Basanti Khangari
Msc Nursing 1st yr Student

1. According to Ruth Strang:

Guidance is the process of helping every
individual, through his own efforts, to discover
and develop his potentialities for his personal
happiness and social usefulness.

2. According to Crow & Crow.

Guidance is assistance made available by
personally qualified and adequately trained
men or women to an individual of any age to
help him manage his own life activities,
develop his own points of view, make his own
decisions and carry his own burdens.

3. According to United States Office of Education.

Guidance is the process of acquainting the
individual with the various ways including
special training in which he may discover his
natural endowments so that he makes a living
to his own best advantage and that of society.

Need of Guidance:
Complex nature of society.
Individual Differences.
Welfare state and the individuals.
Changed industrial and educational
pattern of the country.
Changed economic patterns of the
country.
Conservation of human energy.

Basic Principles of Guidance.

Guidance is a slow process.
Guidance is developing the insight of an
individual.
Problems for which guidance is required
arise out of situations,
Problems are interrelated.
Guidance is based on individual
differences.
Guidance is based on planning.
Guidance is based on rigid code of
ethics.

Cont..

Guidance is related to the development of

the student.
Guidance and instructional activities are
complementary.
Guidance is meant for all.
Guidance is based on educational
objectives.
Guidance is a specialized service.
Standard of ethics are observed.
Periodical evaluation of guidance work is
done.

Objectives:
1.

To make the students to discover

information about themselves.

2.

To develop educational and occupational

plans.

3.

To promote self concept in an individual.

4.

To improve personal potentialities.

Cont.

5.

To enhance forward- looking attitude in

an individual.

6.

To bring in desirable changes in curricular

activities to improve educational
standards.

7.

To help each individual to meet and solve

his problems as they arise.

Elements of guidance.

It focuses our attention on the individual

and not the problem.

It leads to the discovery of abilities of an

individual.

Guidance is based upon the assets and

limitations of an individual.

It leads to self development and self

direction.

It helps the individual plan wisely for the

present and the future.

It assists the individual to become adjusted

to the environment.

It assists to achieve success and

happiness.

Types

Advantages of Guidance.
1.

It helps the pupil to understand himself.

2.

It helps the pupil in making careful choice

of subjects and courses.

3.

It enables the teacher to understand the

strengths and weaknesses of his pupil.

Cont

4.

It enables the parent to understand their

children.

5.

It feeds the community with better

adjusted citizens.

6.

It serves to prevent problems which may

lead to mental illness.

7.

It enables the administrator to make the

best use of the energy, money, time and
resources available.

Limitations of Guidance:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Guidance services are not well organized.

It is limited due to lack of personnel and other
facilities.
There is an overdoing of psychological tests.
Conditions of life are too complex for any
person to solve the problems of another.
Qualified guidance personnel may do great
harm.

According to Perez (1965):

Counseling is an interactive
process conjoining the counselee
who need assistance and the
counselor who trained and educated
to give this assistance.

According to Pepinsky and

Pepinsky (1954)

Counseling is that interaction which

Occurs between two individuals

called counselor and clients.

Takes place in professional setting

and
Is initiated and maintained to

facilitate changes in the behaviour of

a client.

According to Patterson:
Counseling is the process
involving interpersonal relationships
between a therapist and one or more
clients by which the former employs
psychological methods based on
systematic knowledge of the human
personality in attempting to improve
the mental health of the later.

Purposes of Counseling
1.

To give the student information on

matters important to his success.

2.

To help the student in solving his

problems.

3.

To establish mutual understanding

between students and teachers.

4.

To help the student work out a plan

for solving his difficulties.

Cont.

5.

To help the students to known his

interests, abilities, attitudes etc.

6.

To encourage and develop special

abilities and right attitudes.

7.

To assists the student in planning

educational and vocational choices.

Characteristics of
Counseling.

Person to person relationship.

Involves two individual.

Helps the counselor to discover and

solve his personal problems

independently.
Helps and assist properly
Establish a relationship of mutual

respect, cooperation and friendliness

between the two individuals.

Cont..

Discovers the problem of the client and

helps him to set up goals and guide him

through difficulties and problems.
Counseling process the main emphasis

is on the counselors self direction and

self acceptance.
Counseling is democratic.

Steps or Phases of
Counseling.

G ---- Greet the client

A ---- Ask clients about themselves.

T ---- Give information of Strategies of
coping mechanisms
H ---- Help the client to choose a
method.
E ---- Explain how to use a method.
R ---- Return for follow-up.

Counseling process.
I.

Phase-1: Establishing Relationship:

Introduce yourself.
Listen attentively.
Always address the individual by
his/her name.
Ensure physical comfort.
Do not interrupt the individual while he
is talking.
Observe non-verbal communication.

II. Phase- 2: Assessment:

III. Phase- 3: Setting

The skills of drawing inference.
Goals:
Differentiation and
Teaching individuals to think realistically.

IV. Phase- 4:
Intervention:

Handling the interventions.

Knowledge of its effects.
Ability to read clients reaction.

V. Phase 5: Termination
and Follow-up:

Types of Counseling.

I. Directive counseling.
Also known as Prescriptive or
counselor-centered Counseling and
the Steps involved.
Analysis.
Synthesis.
Diagnosis.
Prognosis.
Treatment.
Follow-up.

II. Non Directive

Counseling.

Also called Permissive Counseling or

client centered Counseling.
The client or the counselee is the pivot.
He actively participates in the process.
Steps involved are
Need.
Attitude.
Understand.
Accept
Translate.
Steps.

III. Eclectic Counseling:

It is the combination of Directive and

non directive Counseling
Steps involved are,

Diagnosis of the cause.

Analysis of the problem.

Preparation of a plan.

Interviewing and stimulating a

client.

Proper handling of any related

problems.

Organization of Guidance and

Counseling centre in a
.school/college of Nursing

Purposes:

To help adolescents with normal

developmental problems.

To help individual through temporary

crisis.

To identify signs of disturbed

behaviour at the earliest.

To refer cases needing

specialist treatment.

To support tutors who

are helping individual
but who themselves
want guidance and
reassurance.

The organization
setup;

For constituent colleges on the

campus.
For affiliated college at a distance.
At universities.

Members in the
committee:
Dean.

Liason officer
Teacher from
academic disciplines.
Parents.
Librarian.
Warden.
Medical staff.