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2106 Lecture 7
2106 Lecture 7
2106 Lecture 7
Outline of lecture 7
Vitamins
Definition of vitamins
Overview
Bioavailability
Precursors
Organic nature
Solubility
Water soluble vitamins
Fat soluble vitamins
Toxicity
Class exercise
Outline of lecture 7
Water Soluble vitamins
B vitamins and C
Found in what foods
Outline of lecture 7
B class-roles in metabolism and regulation of
metabolism
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Niacin
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
B6
folate
B12
Class exercise
Outline of lecture 7
Fat soluble vitamins
Found in what foods
Fat soluble vitamins class-roles in metabolism
and regulation of metabolism
A
D
E
K
Class exercise
Vitamins
Overview
-two things attest to power of vitamins
absence- eg vitamin A blindness
vitamin B3-niacin-dementia
presence-eg vitamin C prevents scurvy
vitamin E-appears to
protect against oxidation
component of
atherosclerosis
Vitamins
Overview
-differ from carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
-single units
-do not yield energy when broken downthey assist in energy yielding pathways
of carbohydrate, lipid and protein
metabolism
-daily dietary intake requirements are in
the microgram or milligram range
as opposed to gram range for
energy yielding nutrients
Vitamins
Bioavailability
-two factors-amount of vitamin in food
-amount absorbed and utilised
-efficiency of digestion and time of
transit through GI tract
-previous nutrient intake and nutrition
status
-other foods consumed at the same
time
-method of food preparation-raw,
cooked or processed
-source of nutrient-synthetic, fortified
or naturally occurring
Vitamins
Precursors
-also called provitamins
-provitamins-are metabolised to active form
-in measuring a persons vitamin intake it is
important to count the active forms and
the potential of the precursors to be
converted to active forms
Vitamins
Organic nature
-this means they can be broken down
-eg-excessive heating destroys thiamin
-ultraviolet radiation-destroys
riboflavin
-oxygen- destroys vitamin C
-food processing-easily destroys
pantothenic acid
-B12-easily destroyed my microwave
cooking
-table 10-1
In Summary, p. 326
Vitamins
Solubility
-affects absorption, transport, storage, and
excretion by body
Vitamins
Solubility
Water soluble vitamins
-found in water portions of foods and
transported directly by blood
-no carriers are required for blood
transport
-stored in water portion of cells
-easy to excrete through kidney
Vitamins
Solubility
Fat soluble vitamins
-found in fat portions of foods and
transported first by lymph and
then by blood
-carriers are required for blood transport
-stored in body fat stores
-easier to keep stored in fat stores
rather than excrete-issue of toxicity
Vitamins
Toxicity
-water soluble-not likely to reach toxic levels
when consumed by supplements
-fat soluble-likely to reach toxic levels when
consumed by supplements
Class exercise
a) are all vitamin pre-cursors equally converted
to active form? Significance?
b) why the difference in likelihood of toxicity
between fat and water soluble vitamins?
c) how do you think fat soluble vitamins might
be transported in the blood?
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B VITAMINS
REGULATION OF METABOLISM
IS BY DEGREE OF PRESENCE OF
CORRECT FORM OF VITAMIN
Vitamin C-functions
-collagen synthesis
-forms scar tissue(collagen)
-forms collagen matrix for bone growth
-antioxidant (toxic doses-prooxidant)
-thyroxin synthesis
-amino acid metabolism(conversion of
tryptophan to serotonin and
norepinephrine)
-helps in absorption of iron
Class exercise
Explain the connections between source
and function of each of the
water soluble vitamins
Class exercise
Explain the connections between source
and function of each of the
fat soluble vitamins