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TAIWAN
Official Name: Republic
of China
Capital: Taipei

Official
Name

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Republic
of China

Capital

Taipei

Major
Religions

Buddhism
Daoism
Confucianis
m
Yi Guan Dao
Christianity
Islam

Head/s
Governmen of State
tal
and
Systems
Governm
ent

Multiparty
Democracy

Head of
State:
President
MA Yingjeou
Head of
Governm
ent:
Premier
JIANG YiHuah

Importna
nt Notes

The name
of the state
that
governs
the island
of Taiwan is
actually
the
Republic of
China.
One China
policy: "the
Governmen
t of the
United
States of
America
acknowled
ges the
Chinese
position

Official
Name

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Republic
of China

Capital

Taipei

Major
Religions

Buddhism
Daoism
Confucianis
m
Yi Guan Dao
Christianity
Islam

Head/s
of State
Governmen
Importna
and
tal Systems
nt Notes
Governm
ent
The central
government
of Taiwan
consists of
the Office of
the President
and five
branches
(called
Yuan)the
Executive
Yuan, the
Legislative
Yuan, the
Judicial Yuan,
the
Examination
Yuan and the

Head of
State:
President
MA Yingjeou
Head of
Governm
ent:
Premier
JIANG YiHuah

Taiwan is
a member
country of
the Asian
Pacific
Economic
Cooperatio
n (APEC)

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TAIWAN

Chronology
DUTCH and SPANISH RULE
Kingdom of Tunging
Qing Dynasty Rule

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Japanese Rule
Republic of China Rule

Dutch Rule

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The island of Taiwan, known

historically as Formosa, was
under colonial Dutch rule from
1624 to 1662.
Dutch traders in search of an
Asian base first arrived on the
island in 1623 to use the island
as a base for Dutch commerce
with Japan and the coastal areas
of China.
The time of Dutch rule saw
economic development in
Taiwan, including both largescale hunting of deer and the
cultivation of rice and sugar by
imported labour from Fujian in
China.

SPANISH RULE

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The Portuguese were the first

Europeans to discover the
island of Taiwan, and named it
Formosa due to the beautiful
landscape as seen from the
sea.
When Spain and Portugal
formed the Iberian Union, some
of their respective colonies
changed possession and some
Portuguese expeditions were in
the service of the Spanish
Crown.
This included Portuguese
Formosa, which was controlled
by the Iberian Union from 1626
to 1642.

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Kingdom of
Tungning

Kingdom of Formosa was a government that ruled

part of southwestern Taiwan between 1661 and
1683.
Manchu forces broke through Shanhai Pass in 1644
and rapidly overwhelmed the Ming dynasty.
In 1661, a naval fleet led by the Ming loyalist
Koxinga arrived in Taiwan to oust the Dutch from
Zeelandia and establish a pro-Ming base in Taiwan.

Qing Dynasty Rule

The Qing dynasty ruled Taiwan from 1683 to 1895.
In 1683, following a naval engagement with Admiral
Shi Lang, one of Koxinga's father's trusted friends,
Koxinga's grandson Zheng Keshuang, surrendered to
the Qing dynasty.

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From 1683, the Qing dynasty ruled the island as

Taiwan Prefecture and in 1875 divided the island into
two prefectures, north and south. In 1887, the island
was declared as a separate Taiwan Province.
Qing rule over Taiwan ended when Taiwan was ceded
to Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.

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Japanese Rule
Japan had sought to claim sovereignty over
Taiwan since 1592, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi
undertook a policy of overseas expansion and
extending Japanese influence southward, to the
west, was invaded and an attempt to invade
Taiwan
Period of Paternalistic Rule, Period to treat all
people alike by Woodrow Wilson and Period of a
policy to turn taiwanese as loyal subjects to the
Emperor of Japan.

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Republic of China
Rule

At the end of 1943 the Cairo Declaration was

issued, including among its clauses that all
territories of Chinaincluding Formosa (Taiwan)
that Japan had occupied would be returned to
the Republic of China.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the
Republic of China (ROC) continued a state of
war until 1979.

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MAJOR RELIGIONS

Buddhism
Daoism
Confucianism
Yi Guan Dao
Christianity
Islam

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Buddhism
Buddhism has a strong following in
China.
One of the core teachings of Buddhism
is that life is a continual cycle of
suffering.
The primary purpose of practicing
Buddhism is to escape the cycle of
death and rebirth and a release from
the struggles of life.

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Daoism
Daoism was born in China.
Daoist worship the two individuals
that founded Daoism; Laozi and
Zhuangzi Immortals and Founders of
religious Daoism.
In Daoism, understanding the nature
of things and acting in a moderate
way to avoid the consequences of
extremes is a primary key.

Confucianism

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Confucius was a great philosopher and

thinker.
Confucian thought assumes that people
are basically good and that given a
proper understanding of what they should
do they will naturally do so.
Confucianism places duty to the family as
the center of morality, and all loyalties
and virtues are an extension of this belief.
One of the most important things one
needs to do to be a good Confucian is to
know one's role.

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Christianity
Christianity is the up and coming
religion or way of life in many Asian
countries, including Taiwan.
Christianity can be found in every
country, but it is most common in
Western societies. There are many
kinds of Christians, even in Taiwan,
their beliefs differ in small and large
ways.

Below is a list of some things that Christians believe:

1. God created all that is seen and unseen

2. Jesus is the Son of God and is One with God

3. Jesus was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary

4. Jesus suffered and was crucified

5. Jesus died and was buried

6. Jesus rose again (the Resurrection)

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7. Jesus ascended into Heaven

8. Jesus will return to judge the living and the dead

9. People who repent their sins will be forgiven

10. Anyone can have salvation

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Yi Guan Dao
Religion of the One Unity and the religion seeks
to unify and identify commonalities among the
worlds major religions, including Daoism,
Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism.

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Governmental
Systems

Taiwan's government is a multiparty democratic

regime headed by popularly-elected president and
unicameral legislature.
Taiwan's power is distributed among five large
branches of government called Yuan: the
Legislative Yuan (National Assembly), Executive
Yuan, Judicial Yuan, Examination Yuan, and Control
Yuan. The Examination Yuan oversees Taiwan's
difficult system of exams, controlling access to
education, jobs, business licenses, the civil service
and so on. The Control Yuan is a watchdog agency
that tries to keep things honest.

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The president is directly elected. The

president appoints the premier, who
wields considerable power because
they appoint the heads of Taiwan's
many ministries that oversee the
large bureaucracy.

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Head/s of State and

Government

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President MA Ying-jeou

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Premier JIANG YiHuah

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TAIWAN ON APEC
Taiwan has been actively engaged in
discussions with the U.S. and other economies
under the APEC 2013 theme of "Resilient AsiaPacific, Engine of Global Growth"
As a member of APEC, Taiwan has been keen
to support and take part in a variety of
initiatives made by the U.S. and other
economies to advance regional cooperation, to
pursue a sound trading environment for
businesses to thrive, and to contribute to
regional development and well-being.

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Important Notes
The name of the state that governs
the island of Taiwan is actually the
Republic of China.
There is an ongoing rivalry between
the Republic of China and the
Peoples Republic of China (which
governs mainland China) as to which
one is the real China.

 The Republic of China peacefully

transitioned into a true democracy in the
late 1980s and early 1990s.
The Republic of Chinas constitution
allows for its citizens to worship freely.

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One China policy: "the Government of the

United States of America acknowledges
the Chinese position that there is but one
China and Taiwan is part of China.