DEALING WITH MULTIATTRIBUTED

DECISION

Heru
Wijayanto

KELOMPOK II
Budi
Cahyono

Lendy
Prabowo

Richard
Silitonga

DISCUSSION TOPICS

EXAMPLE OF MULTIATTRIBUTED DECISION

CHOICE OF ATTRIBUTES
SELECTION OF MEASUREMENT SCALE
DIMENSIONALITY OF THE PROBLEMS
NON COMPENSATORY MODELS
COMPENSATORY MODELS

EXAMPLE OF MULTIATTRIBUTED DECISION

JOB/PLACE
Attributes

APPEX
NEW YORK

SYCON
LOS ANGELES

SIGMA
MACON, GA

Social climate

GOOD

GOOD

FAIR

FAIR

Weather/sports

POOR

EXCELLENT

GOOD

VERY GOOD

Starting salary
($/annum)

50,000

45,000

49,500

46,500

FAIR

VERY GOOD

GOOD

Career Advacement

Mc GRAW-WESLEY
FLAGSTAFF, AZ

EXCELLENT

Alternatives

Vendor A

Vendor B

Vendor C

Do Nothing

$115,000

$338,950

$32,000

$0

60%

67%

50%

Flexibility

Excellent

Excellent

Good

Poor

Inventory Control

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Poor

Quality

Excellent

Excellent

Good

Fair

Market Share

Excellent

Excellent

Good

Fair

Machine
utilization

Excellent

Excellent

Good

Poor

Attributes

Purchasing Cost
Reduction in
design time

Choice Of Attributes

Our Selection of
measurement scale

Monetary
Non Monetary
Too Many
Too Few
How-Who-What
Find out these criteria in our
previous table

Our Selection of
measurement scale

Measurement scale adalah pemberian nilai dari masing masing attribut

untuk masing masing alternatif untuk membedakan tingkat kepentingan
dari suatu alternatif
Contoh : Untuk menilai investment cost disebutkan nilai nominal
( $ 1,000, $ 5,000 dsb )
Untuk menilai driving distance bisa disebutkan nilai nominalnya
( 2 km, 10 km dsb)
Lalu bagaimana menilai attribut yang tidak terukur secara dimensi..?
Dapat menggunakan subjective assesment measurement
Poor
Fair
Good
Very Good
Excellent

DIMENSIONALITY OF THE
PROBLEMS

Single Dimension Analysis

Collapse each alternative into a single
metric or dimension which coressponds
to the number used to represent
attributes that discriminate among
alternative

Full Dimension Analysis

No attempt to collapse. Retain the
individuality of attributes as the best
alternative is being determined

DIMENSIONALITY OF THE
PROBLEMS
1. Single Dimensioned Analysis, yaitu: usaha untuk memberi penilaian pada
masing-masing alternatif ke dalam ukuran atau dimensi yang sama.
Contohnya adalah sbb:

Poor atau ( < $ 35,000 ) = ( < 60 )

Very Good atau ( $ 45,001 ~ $ 50,000 ) = ( 81 ~ 90 )
Fair atau ( $ 35,001~$40,000 ) = ( 61 ~ 70 )
Good atau ( $ 40,001 ~ $ 45,000 ) = ( 71 ~ 80 ) Excellent atau ( >$50,001 ) = ( >90 )

DIMENSIONALITY OF THE
PROBLEMS
2. Full Dimensioned Analysis, yaitu: mempertahankan attribut individu sebagai
alternatif terbaik artinya bahwa tidak ada usaha untuk merubah ke dalam
ukuran atau dimensi yang sama
Contohnya adalah sbb:

NON COMPENSATORY MODELS

Making attempt to select the best
alternative in full of dimesionality of
problems

Dominance (Eliminating)
Satisficing (Standard)
Disjunctive Resolution
(Comparing)
Lexicography (Most Important)

NON COMPENSATORY MODELS

1. Dominance, yaitu: metode screening untuk mengeliminasi alternatif yang inferior
dari analisis. Alternatif pertama mendominasi alternatif yang lain. Metode ini
tidak serta merta dapat digunakan untuk memilih alternatif terbaik.
contoh: ada 4 vendor (A, B, C dan D) untuk mensuplai barang yang sama,
secara kualitas vendor A lebih baik dari yang lain maka vendor A dikatakan
lebih dominan dibandingkan vendor lainnya.
2. Satisficing atau kadang kadang disebut methode of feasible range, yaitu
metode yang membutuhkan pemantapan nilai penerimaan minimum atau
maksimum dari standar untuk masing-masing attribut.
contoh: RAB suatu barang $ 150. Ada 4 vendor yang memasok barang yang
sama dengan harga berikut:

Minimum
acceptance

Eliminasi

Maksimum
acceptance

NON COMPENSATORY MODELS

3. Disjunctive Resolution, yaitu: metode yang mirip dengan satisficing dan
tidak ada batas minimum standar penerimaan. Bahkan apabila alternatif melebihi
standar minimum penerimaan, akan tetap dipertimbangkan.
contoh: RAB suatu barang $ 150. Ada 4 vendor yang memasok barang yang
sama dengan harga berikut:

Maksimum
Minimum
acceptance
acceptance
4. Lexicography, yaitu model yang secara umum cocok untuk situasi keputusan
yangmana single attribut dinilai lebih penting dibandingkan semua attribut
lainnya. Alternatif yang mempunyai nilai tertinggi untuk attribut yang paling
penting adalah yang dilipih.

Summary Info for choice of dentist :

Alternatives
Dr.Molar

Dr.Feelgood

Dr.Whoops

Dr.Pepper

$50

$80

$20

$40

Methode Of
Anesthesia a

Novocaine

Acupunctur

Hypnosis

Laughing Gas

Driving
Distance(mil)

15

20

30

Weekly Office
Hours

40

25

40

40

Excellent

Fair

Poor

Good

Attributes
Cost ($/hr)

Quality of Work

Best Value
a

a>b

Worst Value

Novoicane > Laughing Gas > Acupuncture > Hypnosis

a

is preffered to b

Check for Dominance Among Alternatives

Paired
Comparison

Molar Vs
Feel
Feelgood

Molar Vs
Whoops

Molar Vs
Pepper

Feelgood
Vs Whoops

Feelgoods
Vs Pepper

Whoops
Vs Pepper

Cost

Better

Worse

Worse

Worse

Worse

Better

Anesthesia

Better

Better

Better

Better

Worse

Worse

Distance

Better

Worse

Better

Worse

Better

Better

Office Hours

Better

Equal

Equal

Worse

Worse

Equal

Quality

Better

Better

Better

Better

Worse

Worse

Dominance?

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

Attributes

Feasible Ranges for Satisficing

Attributes

Cost
Anesthesia
Distance (miles)
Office Hours
Quality

Maximum
Minimum
Acceptable
Acceptable Value
Value

Unacceptable
Alternatives

$60

None (Dr.Feelgood
already eliminated)

Acupuncture

Dr.Whoops

30

None

30

40

None (Dr.Feelgood
already eliminated)

Good

Excellent

Dr. Woops

Ordinal Ranking of dentists attribute

A

Result of Paired Comparisons

Cost > Anesthesia
Quality > Cost
Cost > Distance
Cost > Office Hours
Anesthesia > Distance
Anesthesia > Office Hours
Quality > Anesthesia
Office Hours > Distance
Quality > Distance
Quality > Office Hours

Costs more important than anesthesia

Qualitys more important than Cost
Costs more important than distance
Costs more important than Office Hours
Anesthesias more important than Distance
Anesthesias more important than Office Hours
Qualitys more important than anesthesia
Office Hourss more important than Distance
Qualitys more important than Distance
Qualitys more important than Office Hours

Attributes
Cost
Anesthesia
Distance
Office Hours
Quality

Number of Times on left of > (=Ordinal Ranking)

3
2
0
1
4

Application of Lexicography
Attributes

Rank a

Alternative Rank b

Cost

Whoops > Pepper > Molar > FeelGood

Anesthesia

Mollar > Pepper > Feelgood > Whoops

Office Hours

Molar = Whoops = Pepper > Feelgood

Distance

Whoops > Molar > Feelgood > Pepper

Quality

Mollar > Pepper > Feelgood > Whoops

Rank of 4 : Most ~ Least important

Based on highest ranked attribute

Compensatory Models
Values of all attribute must be
converted to a common
measurement scale (dollars/utiles),
make its overall value for each
alternative

Nondimensional Scaling
The Hurwicz Procedure
Additive Weighting Technique

Nondimensional Scaling

Considering :
Nondimensional values should all have a common range
All dimensionless attributes should follow the same trend with
respect to desirability; the most preffered values should be
either all small or all large

Rating

worst outcome outcome being made dimensionless

worst outcome best outcome

Rating

Outcome being made dimensionless worst outcome

Best outcome Worst outcome

Nondimensional Scaling

Steps :
Summarry Information &
Dimensionality
Nondimensional Scaling
Nondimensional Data
Summarize & Compare (Solution)

Click for sample attached

Nondimensional Scaling

Nondimensional Scaling

The Hurwicz Procedure

Ordinal Rank
Nondimensional Data
Normalized Weight from ordinal
data
Additive Value Rank from
Nondimensional data
Summarize additive value

Click for Sample

The Hurwicz Procedure

Ketika menggunakan Maximum Rule,
ada tiga kandidat yaitu Dr. Mollar,
Dr. Whoops dan Dr . Pepper, namun
aturan lain berbunyi bahwa apabila ada
lebih dari satu yang maksimum maka
berlaku aturan :

Value of Second-Best Attribute

Artinya bahwa Dr. Pepper is
preferred choice
The Hurwicz Procedure menggunakan
pencapaian level Intermediate antara
Pesimism of Maximin dan Optimism of
Maximax dengan menggunakan index of
Optimism umumnya 0,5
Hasilnya adalah Dr. Mollar pilihannya.

The Hurwicz Procedure

The Additive Weighting Technique

Gunakan rangking 1,2,3......., pada attribut berdasarkan posisi
Jumlahkan total nilai peringkat (sum)
Normalize weight dengan cara membagi nilai masing masing attribut dengan (sum)
Buatlah scoring untuk masing masing alternatif

Summary

Objective,available alternatives,& important

attribute must be defined at the beginning

Finding solution can be quite convoluted when

we use multiple objective or attributes

Multidimensional/Compensatory method are

most useful for initial screening but usually
involves high degree of alternative

Single-dimensional method are useful for final

choice by using additional weighting technique

Thanks for Your Attention

and Support

Good Luck for our final exam..

Kelompok II
-Heru
-Budi
-Lendy
-Richard