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Gestation Al Diabetes: DR - Amal Amjad Alonazi Wa'd Alkathlan Almas Alotibi
Gestation Al Diabetes: DR - Amal Amjad Alonazi Wa'd Alkathlan Almas Alotibi
al
diabetes
dr.amal
amjad alonazi
wad alkathlan
almas alotibi
Outlines
.Objectives
.Introduction
.Diabetes mellitus
Definition
Outlines
.Gestational diabetes
.Symptoms
.Pathophysiology
.Diagnosis
.Risk factors
Objectives
:General objectives
At the end of this session each
participant
should be able to
upgrade a comprehensive knowledge and
.develop skills about Gestational Diabetes
Specific objectives
:At the end of this session each participant should be able to
.Define Diabetes Mellitus
.Identify types of Diabetes Mellitus
.Define Gestational Diabetes
.Identify Etiology of Gestational Diabetes
.Describe symptoms of Gestational Diabetes
.Mention risk factors of Gestational Diabetes
.Identify the effects on the mother and the fetus
.Determine the treatment of Gestational Diabetes
.Apply nursing management
Introduction
Abnormal maternal glucose regulation occurs in 3-10% of
pregnancies.Studies suggest that the prevalence of diabetes
.mellitus (DM) among women of childbearing age is increasing
This increase is believed to be attributable to more sedentary
lifestyles, changes in diet, continued immigration from high-risk
populations, and the virtual epidemic of childhood and
.adolescent obesity that is presently evolving in world
DIABETES MELLITUS
:Definition
Types of Diabetes
Mellitus
PREVENTION
There is currently no way to prevent
Type I diabetes. The risk for Type II
diabetes can be reduced, however,
by maintaining an ideal weight and
.exercising regularly
Evidence-Based Practice
Selecting Methods of InsulinAdministration
For Pregnant Women with diabetes
Definition
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs only
during pregnancy. Like other forms of diabetes, gestational
.diabetes affects the way the body uses sugar (glucose)
Gestational diabetes is short-lived. Blood sugar levels
.typically return to normal soon after delivery
:Etiology
Although the cause of gestational diabetes is not known, there
.are some theories as to why the condition occurs
Symptoms
:Diagnoses
Risk factors
Age. Women older than age 25 are more likely to develop gestational
. diabetes
Race. For reasons that aren't clear, women who are black, Hispanic,
Effects on the
:Fetus/Neonate
Cord prolapse secondary to polyhydramnios and abnormal fetal
.presentation
Congenital anomaly due to hyperglycemia in the first
trimester(cardiac problems,neural tube defects ,skeletal deformities,
.and genitourinary problems)
Macrosomia resulting from hyperinsulinemia stimulated by fetal
.hyperglycemia
Birth trauma due to increased size of fetus ,which complicates the
.birthing process (shoulder dystocia)
.Preterm birth secondary to hydramnios and an aging placenta
:Nursing assessment
Nursing assessment begins at the first prenatal
visit.A through history and physical examination
in conjunction with specific laboratory and
diagnostic testing aids in developing an
individualized plan of care for the woman with
.diabetes
Screening
Surveillance
Maternal surveilance may
:include the following
.
Nursing management
The ideal outcome of every pregnancy is a healthy newborn and
mother .Nurses can be pivotal in realizing this positive outcome
for women with pregestational or gestational diabetes by
.implementing measures to minimize riskes and complications
Since the woman with diabetes is considered to be at high
risk ,antepartal visites occure more frequantly (every 2weekes
up to 28 weekes and then twice a week untel birth), providing a
nurse with numerous opportunities for ongoing assessment
.,education, and counseling
Promoting Optimal
Glucose Control
At each visit ,review the mother blood glucose
levels, including any laboratory testes and self.monitoring results
Reinforce with the woman the need to perform
blood glucose monitoring (usually for times a day,
before meales and at bed time) and to keep a
.recored of the results
Also assess the woman techniques for monitoring
blood glucose levels and for administering insuline
if ordered ,and offer support and guidance if the
.woman is receiving insulin
Findings
Women receiving continuous insulin infusion
experienced an increase in birthweight of thier
infantes compared to mothers receiving multiple
.daily doses of insulin
However the researchers did not identify this
difference as clinically significant. The researchers
found no significant differences in perinatal
mortality ,fetal anomalies ,or maternal hypo-and
.hyperglycemia between the two groups
Nursing implications
This study ,although inconclusive, does underscore the need
for glucose control in women with pregestational diabetes
,Nurses need to be aware of these findinges so that they can
integrate knowledge of adequate blood glucose control
when teaching pregnant women with diabetes about its
potential effects,regardlessof the method for insulin
.administration
Nurses also need to be cognizant of the various methods for
insulin administration so that they can incorporate the
information from this study to provide individualized care to
the pregnant woman with diabetes, thereby promoting the
.best possible outcomes for the mother and her fetus
Thank you