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Bacterial Infection On Upper Respiratory Tract Hemofillus Moraxella Fusobacterium Ed 1
Bacterial Infection On Upper Respiratory Tract Hemofillus Moraxella Fusobacterium Ed 1
Bacterial Infection On Upper Respiratory Tract Hemofillus Moraxella Fusobacterium Ed 1
UPPER RESPIRATION
TRACT
eri dian
Mikrobiologi FK Yarsi
Haemophilus
Characteristics of
Haemophilus
Small, pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli, non
motile
Growth in culture on chocolate agar & requires
exogenous hemin (oxidized ferroprotoporphyrin) (X
factor) and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD) (V factor)
Haemophilus: Natural
Habitats
Normal inhabitant of the upper respiratory,
gastrointestinal, and genital tracts of humans except
Haemophilus ducreyi (not normal microbial flora)
Haemophilus species of
clinical importance
1. H. influenzae
-type
2. H. ducreyi
-sexually
transmitted pathogen
(chancroid)
3. Other Haemophilus are normal flora
- H. parainfluenzae
- H. aphrophilus
- H. aegyptius
Haemophilus: Modes of
Infection
Encapsulated strains of Haemophilus
influenzae associated with invasive
infection caused by person-to-person
spread of H. influenzae due to
inhalation of infectious respiratory
droplets
Type b H. influenzae was most
commonly associated with disease prior
to conjugate vaccine but prevalence has
declined with advent of vaccination
Haemophilus: Types of
Infectious Disease
Encapsulated (types a-f) strains of H.
influenzae produce invasive infection
(pneumonia, meningitis, epiglottitis, and
bacteremia)
Unencapsulated (non-typeable) strains of
H. influenzae cause otitis media in
children, and lower respiratory tract
infections (acute tracheobronchitis,
pneumonia) in children and adults
Haemophilus influenzae
Differentiation of
Species
Hemolysis
Growt
h
X Facto V
r
Haemophilus influenzae
*prevaccination era
Respiratory droplets
Pathogenic Mechanisms
H. influenzae
Antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule is the
major pathogenesis factor
Lipopolysaccharide lipid A component from the
cell wall (major role in non capsule strains)
All virulent strains produce neuraminidase and
an IgA protease
No exotoxins
Asplenia
Immunocompromised
Moraxella spp
Moraxella spp
M. atlantae, M. bovis, M. canis, M. caprae. M.
catarrhalis, M. equi, M. lacunata, M. lincolnii, M.
nonliquefaciens, M. oblonga, M. osloensis, M.
pluranimalium. Moraxella phenylpyruvica
Characteristics of Moraxella
CHARACTERISTICS:
The genus Moraxella is a member of the family
Moraxellaceae;
coccobacillary gram negative rods that are usually
in short chains or pairs .
Species that are rod shaped range from 1.0-1.5 x
1.5-2.5 m in size and species that are cocci
shaped are 0.6-1.0 m in diameter(2). Most
species are aerobic, and oxidase and catalase
positive
PATHOGENICITY/
TOXICITY
Moraxella species are normally present in the
oropharynx, mucous membranes, skin, and genital
tract,.
The organisms are commensals of mucosal surfaces
and sometimes give rise to opportunistic infection
Moraxella catarrhalis usually resides in respiratory
tract, but can gain access to the lower respiratory
tract in patients with chronic chest disease or
compromised host defenses, thus causing
tracheobronchitis and pneumonia.
Moraxella lacunata is one of the causes of
blepharoconjunctivitis in human
Moraxella bovis is the cause of Infectious bovine
keratoconjunctivitis
Mal
+
Lac
Suc
DNa
BE
N. gon
N. men
+
+
N. lac
+
+
+
M. cat
+
+
1Glu=glucose, Mal=maltose, Lac=lactose,
Suc=sucrose, DNa=DNase, BE=butyrate
esterase (indoxyl butyrate substrate), N.
gon=N. gonorrhoeae, N. men=N.
meningitidis, N. lac=N. lactamica, M.
cat=Moraxella catarrhalis
Fusobacterium species
Fusobacterium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative
bacteria,rod-shaped bacilli with pointed ends.
Strains of Fusobacterium cause several human diseases,
including periodontal diseases, Lemierre's syndrome,
and topical skin ulcers.
Although older sources state that Fusobacterium is part
of the normal flora of the human oropharynx, the
current consensus is that Fusobacterium should always
be treated as a pathogen. [2] In 2011, researchers
discovered that this bacterium flourishes in colon cancer
cells, and is often also associated with ulcerative colitis,
although researchers have not determined if the
organism actually causes these diseases or if it simply
flourishes in the environment these diseases create