Copper, Silver, Gold

(Cu,Ag,Au)

Cu
(Copper)

Description
Copper is a chemical element with the
symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) aand atomic
number 29. It is a ductile metal with very
high thermal and electrical conductivity.
Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly
exposed surface has a reddish-orange color.
It is used as a conductor of heat and
electricity, a building material, and a
constituent of various metal alloys.
Symbol: Ag
Melting point: 961.8 C
Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d^10 5s^1
Atomic number: 47
Discovered: 5000 BC
Boiling point: 2,162 C
Atomic mass: 107.8682 u

Therapeutic Use of
Copper

Treatment for Copper deficiency

Reduced iron in red blood cells (anemia) due to copper
deficiency.

Brittle bones (osteoporosis). Taking copper in combination

with zinc, manganese, and calcium might slow bone loss in
older women.

Copper is involved in normalized function of many enzymes,

such as cytochrome c oxidase, which is complex IV in
mitochondrial electron transport chain, ceruloplasmin,
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and in amine oxidases.
These enzyme catalyze reactions for oxidative
phosphorylation, iron transportation, antioxidant and free
radical scavenging and neutralization, and neurotransmitter
synthesis, respectively.

BY MOUTH:
For low levels of copper (copper deficiency): doses up to 0.1
mg/kg of cupric sulfate per day.
For osteoporosis: 2.5 mg copper combined with zinc 15 mg,
5 mg manganese, and 1000 mg calcium per day.
Copper is UNSAFE when used in large amounts. Adults
should consume no more than 10 mg of copper per day.
Kidney failure and death can occur with as little as 1 gram of
copper sulfate. Symptoms of copper overdose include
nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, low
blood pressure, anemia, and heart problems.
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen) interacts with COPPER
Penicillamine is used for Wilson's disease and rheumatoid
arthritis. Copper might decrease how much penicillamine
your body absorbs and decrease the effectiveness of
penicillamine.

Compounds of Copper

Qualitative test for Copper

Flame Test

Copper test
Cu; 24-hour urine copper; Total copper; Nonceruloplasmin-bound copper; Free copper; Hepatic
copper
To measure the amount of copper in the blood,
urine, or liver; to help diagnose and monitorWilson
disease; sometimes to identify copper deficiencies
and excesses
When you havejaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain,
behavioral changes, tremors, or other symptoms
that your doctor thinks may be due to Wilson
disease or, rarely, to copper deficiency or excess; at
intervals when you are being treated for a copperrelated condition
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm

Silver
(Ag)

Silver is a chemical element with the

symbol Ag (Greek: rguros,Latin:
argentum, both from the Indo-European
root *arg- for "grey" or "shining") and
atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous
transition metal, it possesses the highest
electrical conductivity of any element, the
highest thermal conductivity of any metal
and is the most reflective metal on the
planet
Symbol: Ag
Melting point: 961.8 C
Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d^10 5s^1
Atomic number: 47
Discovered: 5000 BC
Boiling point: 2,162 C
Atomic mass: 107.8682 u

Therapeutic Use of Silver

Incorporation into wound dressings, and its use as
an antibiotic coating in medical devices. Wound
dressings containing silver sulfadiazine or silver
nanomaterials may be used to treat external
infections
Silver is also used in some medical applications,
such as urinary catheters and endotracheal
breathing tubes, where there is tentative evidence
that it is effective in reducing catheter-related
urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated
pneumonia respectively.
The silver ion (Ag+) is bioactive and in sufficient
concentration readily kills bacteria in vitro. Silver
and silver nanoparticles are used as an
antimicrobial in a variety of industrial, healthcare

Compounds of Silver

Compound Name

Formula

Molar Mass

Silver Nitrate

AgNO3

169.8731

Silver Sulfite

Ag2SO3

295.7996

Silver Acetate

AgCH3COO

166.9122

Silver Phosphate

Ag3PO4

418.576

Silver Chloride

AgCl

143.3212

Silver Bromide

AgBr

187.7722

Silver(I) Carbonate

Ag2CO3

275.7453

Silver Dichromate

Ag2Cr2O7

431.7244

Silver Sulfide

Ag2S

247.8014

Silver(I) Oxide

Ag2O

231.7358

Silver Hydroxide

AgOH

124.8755

Silver Thiosulfate

Ag2S2O3

327.8646

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE

GROUP I CATIONS: Ag+, Pb2+, and
Hg2 2+

Gold
(Au)

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and

atomic number 79. It is a bright yellow dense, soft,
malleable and ductile metal. The properties remain when
exposed to air or water. Chemically, gold is a transition
metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least
reactive chemical elements, and is solid under standard
conditions.

Symbol: Au
Melting point: 1,064 C
Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Atomic number: 79
Boiling point: 2,970 C
Atomic mass: 196.966576657 uc

Therapeutic Use of Gold

Gold is used to reduce inflammation
and slow disease progression in people
who have rheumatoid arthritis. Gold is
not usually the first treatment given to
people who have rheumatoid arthritis,
since methotrexate and other diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs
(DMARDs) are available.

Compounds of Gold

Qualitative Test for Gold

Stannous Chloride Test for
Gold, Platinum and
Palladium Presence
Stannous chloride test solution is one of the
most important tool and a most have for any
precious metal recovery and refining process, this
test solution will tell you if there is presence of
dissolved precious metals (gold, platinum and
palladium) in a solution or not.

Gold Test

Concentrated Gold solution (left), diluted 4

times over with water (center), diluted 10
times over with water (right)