FLUID

AND
ELECTROLYTES
Ariane Rose S. Cedron
Bsn 3-1

Fluid Types

Fluids in the body generally arent found

in pure forms

Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic types

Defined in terms of the amount of solute

or dissolve substances in the solution

Balancing these fluids involves the shifting

of fluid not the solute involved

Fluid Replacement
Aimed at restoring and maintaining
homeostasis
Methods:
-oral and gastric feeding
-parenteral therapy
Choice of therapy affected by several factors:
Type and severity of imbalance
Patients overall health status, age, renal and
cardiovascular status
Usual maintenace requirements

Advantages:

Provides the patients with life sustaining

fluids, electrolytes, and drugs
Immediate and predicable therapeutic
effects
Preffered for administering fluids,
electrolytes, and drugs in emergency
situations
Allow fluid intake when a patient has GI
malabsorption
Permits accurate dosage titration for
analgesics and other drugs

Disadvantages

Solution incompatibility
Adverse reactions
Infection

Isotonic Solutions

No net fluid
shifts occur
between
isotonic
solutions
because the
solution are
equally
concentrated
Ex. NSS or 0.9SS

Hypotonic Solutions

Has a lower solute

concentration than
another solution
Fluid from the
hypotonic solution
would shift into the
second solution
until the two
solutions had equal
concentrations
Ex. Half normal or
0.45%SS

Hypertonic Solutions

Has a higher solute

concentration than
another solution
Fluid from the
second solution
would shift into the
hypertonic solution
until the two
solutions had equal
concentrations
Ex. D5NSS

IV Fluids

Isotonic
LR

PNSS (0.9%NSS)
NM

Hypotonic
D5W
isotonic in bag
dextrose=quickly
metabolized=hypotonic

D2.5W
0.45% NSS

0.3% NSS
0.2% NSS

Hypertonic
D50W
D10W
D5NSS
D5LR
3%NSS

Colloids (usually CHONs) & Plasma expanders

Albumin
Plasma for hypoalbuminemia, volumedepleted patients
has protein, including CF (I to IX)
Dextran synthetic polysaccharide,
glucose solution
-increase concentration of blood, improving
blood volume up to 24 hrs
-contraindicated: heart failure, pulmonary
edema, cardiogenic shock, and renal
failure
Hetastarch like Dextran, but longer-acting
-expensive
-derived from corn starch

Composition of Different Intravenous

Solution

Replacement Therapy
ISOTONIC SOLUTION

Fluid Replacement Therapy

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

Fluid Replacement Therapy

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

Common Treatment:
Clear fluids include:
water (please note that water alone is not
necessarily safe to use in infants and can lead to
significant electrolyte problems, for this reason,
Pedialyte or other balanced electrolyte solutions
should be used.
clear broths,
popsicles,
Jell-O, and
other replacement fluids that may contain
electrolytes (Pedialyte, Gatorade, Powerade, etc.)
Oral Rehydration Solution

Alternative ORS:

6 level tsp. of sugar

tsp of salt
1Liter water
DOH ORS:
1 liter water
8 tsp. of sugar
1 tsp. of salt