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Chapter 2. Electric Field and Gauss's Law
Chapter 2. Electric Field and Gauss's Law
Gausss Law
BUDI ARIFVIANTO
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
F = E.q
F
1
E
q ' 4 0
q
2
r
1 qr
E
4 0 r 2
E E1 E 2 ...
1
E
4 0
q1 r1 q 2 r2
2 ...
2
r1
r2
Study case 1
Point charges:
q1 = +12 x 10-9C (lower left), q2
= -12 x 10-9C (lower right),
r = 10 cm
Find E at point P!
1
E
4 0
z
1
E
4 0
rdq
r2
q r
r2
Field Lines
The concept of field lines was introduced by Michael
Faraday (1791-1867) as an aid in visualizing electric
(and magnetic) field.
Gausss Law
Gauss Law: The net flux through any
Karl Friedrich
closed surface is proportional to the
Gauss (1777-1855)
net charge enclosed by that surface,
was a German
i.e.,
scientist and
mathematician who
made many
q
contribution to
EA
experimental and
0
theoretical physics Electric
flux
and to
mathematics.
Permittivity is a physical quantity
that describes how an electric field
Recall the Coulombs law:
affects and is affected by a dielectric
medium, and is determined by the
ability of a material to polarize in
q.q '
1 q.q '
response to the field, and thereby
F k 2
2
reduce the field inside the material.
4 0 r
r
Thus, permittivity relates to a
material's ability to transmit (or
"permit") an electric field.
q
EA
0
E A
1
0