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Reflexes
Reflexes
Anatomi
Simple reflex arc : - Receptor
- Afferent neuron
- Center
- Interneurons
- Efferent neuron
- Effector
Receptor : special sense organ, cutaneus end-organ, muscle
spindle.
Afferent : transmits the impulse through a peripheral nerve
to the
CNS where the nerve synapsese with a LMN or an
interneuron.
2
Types
of Reflexes
- Superficial ( skin and mucous
membrane ) reflexes
- Deep tendon ( myotatic ) reflexes
- Visceral ( organic ) reflexes
- Pathologic ( abnormal ) reflexes
Types
Decreased or absent
Increased
Present
Atrophy
Absent or due to
disuse
May be marked
Fasciculations
May be present
Absent
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Summary of reflexes
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Reflexes
Afferent
Center Efferent
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1. Superficial reflexes
1.1. Corneal
Cranial V
Pons Cranial VII
1.2. Sneeze
Cranial V
Br stem/upper
V,
VII, IX,X
cord spinal nerves
1.3. Pharyngeal
Cranial IX
Medulla
Cranial X
1.4. Upper abdmn T 7,8,9,10
T 7,8,9,10
T 7,8 9 ,10
1.5. Lower abdmn T 10,11,12
T 10,11,12
T 10,11,12
1.6. Cremaster
Femora sl
L1
Genitofemorl
1.7. Plantar Tibial S1,2 Tibial
1.8. Anal Pudendal
S4,5 Pudendal
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Deep reflexes
Afferent
Center
Efferent
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2.1. Jaw
Cranial V
Pons
Cranial V
2.2. Biceps
Musculocutan C5,6
Musculocuta
2.3. Triceps
Radial
C7,8
Radial
2.4. Brach-radial Radial
C5,6
Radial
2.5. Patellar
Femora l
L3,4
Femoral
2.6. Achilles
Tibial
S1,2
Tibial
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7
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Visceral Reflexes
Afferent
Center
Efferent
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3.1. Light
Cranial II
Midbrain
Cranial III
3.2. Accomodation
Cranial II
Occip. Cortex Cranial III
3.3. Ciliospinal
Sensory nerve T1,2
Cerv.sympat
3.4. Oculocardiac
Cranial V
Medulla
Cranial X
3.5. Carotid sinus
Cranial IX
Medulla
Cranial X
3.6. Bulbocavernosus Pudendal
S2,3,4
Pelvic autonom
3.7. Bladder & rectal
Pudendal
S2,3,4
Pudendal & auto
nomic
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Abnormal reflexes
4.1. Extensor plantar Plantar
L3-L5, S1
Ext.hallucis
( Babinski )
longus
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8
10
11
12
5. Schaefer sign
6. Gonda sign
7. Ankle clonus
8. Patellar clonus
13
Reflex Arc
14