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CE2100 Lecture 6
CE2100 Lecture 6
CE2100
Influence Lines
Influence Lines:
Moment and shear force diagrams represent
variation of these values along the length of the
beam for a set of stationary loads.
Influence lines represent variation in the response*
at a specific point due to a unit concentrated load
moving along the beam.
Example 1:
P=1
R1
R1 + R 2 = 1
R1. L = 1.(L-x)
R1 = 1(1-x/L)
R2
X=
0
X=
L
Example 2:
1
R1
R1 = (1-x/L)
R2
Vc = 1-x/L -1 = -x/L
0.5
When load is acting on the left side of midspan (x > L/2):
X=
0
Vc = 1-x/L
0.5
X=L
Plot x v/s Vc
+ve shear
Example 3:
Influence line for bending moment at
mid-span (C).
R1 = (1-x/L); R2 = x/L
1
R1
R2
Mc = (x/L)(L/2) = x/2
When load is acting on the left side of midspan (x > L/2):
Mc = (1-x/L)(L/2) = 0.5(L-x)
Plot x v/s Mc
X=
0
X=L
L/4
1
R1
R2
X=
0
X=L
L/4
Qualitative assessment
Heinrich Muller-Breslau (1886)
Influence line for a function has the same
shape as the
deflected shape of the beam when the beam
is acted upon by the function.
R1
R2
R1
R2
X=
0
X=
L
X=
0
0.5
X=L
7
Qualitative assessment
Heinrich Muller-Breslau (1886)
C
X=
0
X=L
X=
0
X=L
8
L/
3
-0.4
-0.2
2/3
L
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.10
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
L/
3
2L/
3
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
10
1(0.75)+4(0.625)+4(0.5)=5
.25k
Or
1(-0.25)+4(0.625)+4(0.5) =
4.25 k
11
Example: continued.
1(0.125)+4(0.75)+4(0.625)=5.37
5k
Or
1(-0.125)+4(-0.25)+4(0.625) =
1.375k
1(0)+4(-0.125)+4(0.75)=2.5k
Or
1(0)+4(-0.125)+4(-0.25) =
-1.5k
Therefore, maximum shear
at C is equal to 5.375 k
12
6.5
14
20
5.0
2(7.5)+4(6.5)+3(5.0)=56
k.ft
Or
?
13
Example:
continued
3.0
4
2(4.5)+4(7.5)+3(6.0)=5
7 k.ft
2(0)+4(3.0)+3(7.5)=34.
5 k.ft
Therefore, maximum
14
Cantilever beam:
Maximum shear and maximum bending moments are always
located near the support.
16
Consider
a special
case
when F2
and FR
coincide.
17
Resultant: FR = 4.5 k
6.67 ft from F1
Configuration 1:
Moment under load F1: Position the series of
loads so that F1 and FR are equidistant from
the beams centerline.
Reaction Ay=FR (11.67)/30 =1.7505 k
Maximum Moment under F1 = Ay. (15-3.33) =
20.42 k.ft
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Configuration 2:
Moment under load F2: Position the series of loads
so that F2 and FR are equidistant from the beams
centerline.
Reaction Ay=FR (15+1.67)/30 =2.5 k
Maximum Moment under F2
= Ay. (15+1.67) F1(10)
= 21.675 k.ft
Configuration 3:
Similarly check for moment under load F3.
Configuration 2 generates the absolute
maximum bending moment = 21.67 k.ft
19