CLEANER PRODUCTION

TECHNOLOGIES
PRESENTER:

Julia Brown
Waste Research Management &
Training Centre
Scientific Research Council

CLEANER PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES
Objective
To provide industries with an awareness of becoming
efficient in an effort to reduce the cost of production
and thus earning more.

CLEANER PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES
Contents
i. What is Cleaner Production as it relates to product,
processes and services
ii. Benefits of Cleaner Production Technologies
iii.Execution of Cleaner Production
iv. Case study

Cleaner production
This is an integrated preventive

strategy applied to processes, products

and services as a way to increase the
efficiency and to reduce risks for human
beings and the environment.

Cleaner production
For processes - this is the efficient
use of raw material, water and energy,
the elimination of toxic or dangerous
products and the reduction of emission
and wastes at the source.

Cleaner production
In the case of the products, the
strategy is centered around
lowering their environmental impact
and promoting friendly designs.

Cleaner production
In the case of the services, the
strategy is focused on lowering the
environmental impact and promoting
friendly procedures during its
management.

Cleaner production strategies

Cleaner production

Source reduction

Product Change
Raw material
Substitution

Internal Recycling

Process Change
Good Practices
Technological modification

Be reminded of the
increasing competitivity
with Cleaner Production

Obtain funding
Equipment
installation.
Advise evaluation
of results.
Project adaptation
Planning of new
projects

Prism Methodology
To obtain a commitment with the
Management.
Establish the evaluating organization
To propose general objectives.
Overcoming barriers.
Begin a preliminary study
Planning and
Organization

Plant
evaluation

Implementation

Evaluate Technology.
Evaluate economy.
Evaluate environment,
Evaluate organization,
Select options.

Feasibility
Study

Enterprise data and

its processes.
Materials flow of
wastes and emissions.
Work groups creation.
Generate options in
Cleaner production.

Benefits; Cleaner Production

Legislation - environmental legislation is

increasing world-wide. This can reduce
the risk of penalties and provide
competitive advantages.
Cost Savings - This identify opportunities
for cost savings via energy efficiency and
waste minimization measures.
Customer requirements - increasing
businesses will not want to risk
reputation or inherit liabilities as a result
of poor performance by suppliers.

Benefits cont.:Cleaner
Technologies
Market Opportunities - this can be a likely
factor in market profiling and provide a
competitive edge.
Corporate Image - a good environmental
record can improve corporate image and
better
relations
with
stakeholders.
Adverse
publicity
on
environmental
performance can be very damaging.

What are the economic benefits?

Economic Value
Added

Reduction of costs :

Increase of income :

Energy, water and raw

material
Wastes disposition
Compliments and
procedures
Financing
Product responsibility

Environmental System
Management

Flexibility in prices

Relationship with clients

Competitive and strategic

positioning

Access to the maket

Increase in services

Reduction of costs to develop

value added
The cost of a failure in Environmental Quality
Prevention
Trainning
Manteinance
Better

process
Design of products
External
communication

x $1

Discovery

Internal error

Inpsection

and
monitoring
Reports
Calibration

x $10

Waste

of
materials
Treatment and
control
Productive
space
Time

x $100

System Approach

External error
Consultancy

fees

Remediation
Loss

of clients
Relation with the
community

x $1000

Competitivity Support
Products improvement
Processes efficiency increase
Production costs decrease
Elimination costs decrease
Profit increase
Market opening

Advices: Raw Material determination

Consider the following questions:
Is the size of the raw materials inventory
appropriate so their losses may be minimized?
Could it be possible to reduce the transference
distances between storage and processing or
between operation units?
Is there any mutual contamination risk in
reservoirs that may store two or more raw
materials?
Are the material sacks completely emptied?

Advices: Raw Material determination

Consider the following questions :
Is the raw material storage area secure?
Is there solar light incidence in the storage
place?
Does the material pumping system receives
maintenance?
Are there leaks?
Can the drainage be by gravity?

Advises: Water consumption

Consider the following points:
From where is the water extracted and
where is this stored?
Water storage capacity in plant?
How is the water transported in the
plant?
Does there exist considerable precipitation in that place?

Advices: Water consumption for each

unit operation
What is the water used for in each
operation?
With what frequency do each action take
place?
How much water is used in each action?

Advices: Reduction in water consumption

Strict control of water consumption.

Concentrations increase - Less raw material
Good manufacturing practices options.
Waste water storage options for a possible
reuse.
Countercurrent soaks and recycling of soak
water.

Advices: Effluent contamination

ALL discharge points location. (frequently there is
more than one)
Identify where do the flows of multiple operation
units or process areas join.
Define a program for the volumes of water used
for each unit operation.
Define maximum production conditions, opening,
closing and washing to obtain the water generation
characterization of the enterprise.

Advices: Effluent contamination

Determine if there exit a combination of

pluvial and residual waters.
Use volumetric measurement for small and
intermittent flows.

Advices: Effluent concentration determination

Include in the analysis pH, DO, BOD,
suspended solids, FOG.
Use up to it may be possible a compound
sampling for continuous flows.

Advices: Gaseous emissions

contamination
The following questions have to be asked:
Are there odour associated with any unit operation?
Is there a moment where emissions may be marked?
Is there any contamination control equipment?
Are emissions directed to the outside of the
confined spaces?
Are gases washed in the enterprise?

Advices:

Outside residues disposal

contamination

The following questions have to be asked:

Where is the origin of the residue?
Can it be optimized by any process so there
may be less residue generation?
Can alternative raw materials be used to
generate less residue or may facilitate its
management?
Is there any component that may cause all the
residue to be harmful?

Areas of work involving Cleaner

Technologies
Sugar Factory
Rum Distillery
Agro - Processing facilities

CASE STUDY - A SUGAR FACTORY

Wastewater production
6000 m3/hr at peak
3200 m3/hr

reduce by approx. 50 % through

separation of drains (clean water and
polluted
water),
avoiding/reducing
spillage and repairing leaking taps.
3000 m3/hr at peak
1600 m3/hr

CASE STUDY - A SUGAR FACTORY

COST FOR TREATMENT
Approx. US$200/m3 (cost effective system)
Initial cost for treatment was
approx. US$1.2 million

After reduction
approx. US$600,000